Minicase San Pico

San Pico is a rapidly growing Latin American developing country. The country is blessed with miles of scenic beaches that have attracted tourists by the thousands in recent years to new resort hotels financed by joint ventures of San Pico businessmen and moneymen from the Middle East, Japan, and the United States. Additionally, San Pico has good natural harbors that are conducive for receiving imported merchandise from abroad and exporting merchandise produced in San Pico and other surrounding countries that lack access to the sea.Because of these advantages, many new businesses are being started in San Pico. Presently, stock is traded in a cramped building in La Cobijio, the nation's capital. Admittedly, the San Pico Stock Exchange system is rather archaic. Twice a day an official of the exchange will call out the name of each of the 43 companies whose stock trades on the exchange. Brokers wanting to buy or sell shares for their clients then attempt to make a trade with one another. This crowd trading system has worked well for over one hundred years, but the government desires to replace it with a new modern system that will allow greater and more frequent opportunities for trading in each company, and will allow for trading the shares of the many new start-up companies that are expected to trade in the secondary market. Additionally, the government administration is rapidly privatizing many state-owned businesses in an attempt to foster their efficiency, obtain foreign exchange from the sale, and convert the country to a more capitalist economy.The government believes that it would conduct this privatization faster and perhaps at more attractive prices if it had a modern stock exchange facility where the shares of the newly privatized companies will eventually trade. You are an expert in the operation of secondary stock markets and have been retained as a consultant to the San Pico Stock Exchange to offer your expertise in modernizing the stock market. What w ould you advise? Explain. Most new and renovated stock exchanges are being established these days as either a partially or fully automated trading system.A fully automated system is especially beneficial for a small to medium size country in which there is only moderate trading in most issues. Such a system that deserves special note is the continuous National Integrated Market system of New Zealand. This system is fully computerized and does not require a physical structure. Essentially all buyers and sellers of a stock enter through their broker into the computer system the number of shares they desire to buy or sell and their required transaction price. The system is updated constantly as new purchase or sale orders are entered into system.The computer constantly searches for a match between buyer and seller, and when one is found a transaction takes place. This type of system would likely serve San Pico’s needs very well. There is existing technology to implement, the bug s have been worked out in other countries, and it would satisfy all the demands of the demands of the San Pico government and easily accommodate growth in market activity MINI CASE: SARA LEE CORP. ’S EUROBONDS The International Finance in Practice boxed reading in the chapter discussed a three-year $100 million Eurobond issue by Sara Lee Corporation.The article also mentions other bond issues recently placed by various foreign divisions of Sara Lee. What thoughts do you have about Sara Lee’s debt financing strategy? Suggested Solution to Sara Lee Corp. ’s Eurobonds Sara Lee is the ideal candidate to issue Eurobonds. The company has worldwide name recognition, and it has an excellent credit rating that allows it to place new bond issues easily. By issuing dollar denominated Eurobonds to Swiss investors, Sara Lee can bring new issues to market much more quickly than if it sold domestic dollar denominated bonds.Moreover, the Eurodollar bonds likely sell at a lower yield than comparable domestic bonds. Additionally, it appears as if Sara Lee is raising funds in a variety of foreign currencies. Sara Lee most likely has large cash inflows in these same currencies that can be used to meet the debt service obligations on these bond issues. Thus Sara Lee is finding a use for some of its foreign currency receipts and does not have to be concerned with the exchange rate uncertainty of these part of its foreign cash inflows.

Different Paradigms for Analysing Organisation

Organisations that are increasingly becoming flatter owing to the growing popularity and importance of team work for effectiveness in performance and high performance goals to obtain competencies so as to meet challenges in the business environment. With the growth in complexity in the internal and external business environment, organisational structural changes have become highly complex as well. When it comes to analyzing organisations several complex issues and areas prevent an easy analysis to take place. Such complexities emerge from the multi—agent nature of the organisational activities, where several personnel belonging to different departments come to interact cross-sectional to perform activities therein producing the scope for team work (Scott, 2001). However, organisations at present, despite of the growth in the use of team work and the, at times, essential use of team work, still use conventional hierarchical structures which is another source complexity. Organisations in the midst of managerial and commercial challenges face structural complexities (Amiguet, et al. , 2002). The paper attempts to produce the insight into how the organizations can be analysed upon different basis so as to generate the implications and scope for the effective use of teamwork in the organisations for each of the element and basis used in the analysis. The theories that emerge from social sciences indicate graphical representation of organisations and are often termed as ‘informal’ (Morgan, 1996; Mintzberg, 2001). They are used in analyzing organizations widely but they fail to provide a very detailed structural view of the organisation and create an abstract level evaluation. The detailed dynamics that are found to exist, especially in the modern organisations that are equally important for the use of team work in organisations are largely left out and failed to be evaluated using the social sciences framework (Dastani, et al. , 2004). However, the models hailing from their background of social sciences the importance of explicit modelling of agents and their underlying interactions and coordination within the organisational work flow and lines of authority is recognized immensely (Lomi and Larsen, 2001; Ferber, et al. , 2003). This is so because the environment that includes the performance stimulating and performance deviating forces and factors and the role of agents functioning within the rganisation at an inter-departmental level, influence greatly the effective use of team work in organisations and the effective performance in general (Dastani, et al. , 2004). There are basically 4 key sociological perspectives introduced by Burrel and Morgan (1979) upon which organizations can be modeled and analyzed that form the fundamental element of the paper followed by a thorough discussion upon the key implications for the use of teamwork and how teamwork prevails under the operational system in the organisations base d on the modeling of organisations framed using the analysis. The framework created by Burrel and Morgan (1979), which is the prime focus of the paper, provides different ways of thinking based on both extreme points in theory of society: regulation – importance and effectiveness of order and consensus in the society; And Radical Change – significance of conflict and transformations in development, the importance of creating mobility. These paradigms are also assessed by the subjectivist and objectivist approach. Principles And Paradigms For Analysis Of Organisations The way that organisations are structured makes significant impact to the overall efficiency and effectiveness in performance targets of those organisations as the inter-departmental links and coordinates and the communication channels within the organisation, determines to a great extent the efficiency in the work flow and the execution of the several underlying business processes. As the organisations maintained significant structural changes in order to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage, organizational networks of task-focused teams was created for leading to flatter organizational structure. Teamwork emerged as facilitators in achieving positive, cost-effective satisfaction and staff retention (Grif?n et al. 2001, Heywood & Jirjahn 2004 quoted in Xyrichisa & Reame; 2008). Modern organisations are seldom following well rounded use of technologically and mechanically operating systems in the work processes as dynamic and matrix systems hat combine the several process and departmental groups together for the execution of projects that break the traditional lines of authority and spans of control. Such modern organisations are termed as â€Å"non-linear† in their behavior and present complexity in analysis (Scott, 2001). Different paradigms provide range of different ways of understanding teams and efficiency of teamwork within an organisation such as, importance of stimulating the support and commitment of employees to team working and organizational objectives by providing them more autonomy, and unity in the workplace, creating opportunity and ‘desire for a more enriched work experience’. Knights and McCabe 2003) or defining team working as a tool or technology that makes individuals simply subjects that guarantee their sense of meaning and importance of working as a team. Currently, teamwork have become as a prominent specification of a broader management fashion â€Å"in the direction of decentralised, flexible networks† that allegedly promote â€Å"a culture of expression and involvement† (Reed, 1992: 227, 229; quoted in Ezzamel and Will mott 1998), claiming it to be â€Å"currently the most popular form of organizational restructuring† (Barker and Tompkins, 1994: 224; quoted in Ezzamel and Willmott 1998). Mueller (1994: 386) describes teamwork as a work coordination that provides â€Å"re-align individual motivation with organizational rationality†. Evaluating the beliefs in managerialist perspective, the dominant assumption about the teams is that, they are ‘’instruments for redesigning the job’’ through increasing commitment, that do not consider individual preferences, personalities, and behaviours. (Partington and Harris, 1999) Mainstream – Functionalist approach directly focuses on the importance of teams. In this perspective team work is assessed as one of the essential elements of creating efficient organisation. ‘’No distinction is made between the use of mechanisms of organization to coordinate complex divisions of labor and their use to control and legitimize structured social inequalities of wealth and status. ’’ (Ezzamel and Willmott, 1998) The management literature has been found a lot of assumptions and analysis about the teams and team work in organisation as being a source of motivation for employees and job satisfaction, therefore increased performance. Furthermore, it provides opportunities for employees in terms of learning and skill acquisition, as well as information sharing, which may be particularly important in conditions of growing economic uncertainty (Wagner et al. 1997; Wall et al. 2002; Vaskova 2007; quoted in SKOPE research paper 2009). Between the economic objectives of designing teamwork in organisations can be stated the incorporation of the management responsibility with the teamwork and removing the demarcation. Project teams get together number of employees rom completely different divisions and hierarchical levels of organisation for the particular objective. Increased job satisfaction, increased motivation between the employees, understanding around the meaningful work and its positive influence to the job performance are considered to be social or business objectives of the teamwork. Cultural objectives of teamwork refer to the rhetoric around understanding if the teams based on norms and values in organisation s, ‘’we’’ feeling – corporate vision, mission statement and the like. There is great attention to the increasing efficiency and importance of team work in the literature and many authors have undertaken several pieces of researches that aimed to identify the major elements of effective team in organisations. The efficiency of team working in different cultural and organizational settings, operations and achieving the objectives depends on a number of various factors, such as, specifications of task, group composition, organisational context and other contingencies. The advantages of teamwork are often represented to a greater extent as an empowerment for employees, as teams provides them a degree of supervisory and managerial responsibility for the organization of their work facilitated through â€Å"individual responsibility and team accountability† (Tjosvold, 1991: 35; quoted in Ezzamel and Willmott 1998) Contrary to the authors of functionalist accounts, some fundamental researches on the literature suggest that use of teamwork is merely is a modern continuation of the rationale of Taylorism. Dohse et al. 1985; Berggren 1992; Thompson and McHugh 1995; Vidal 2007) In humanistic perspective ideology of teamwork is gives an emphasis on autonomy of the employees in the work and the responsibility. ‘’ †¦ that the incorporation of managerial responsibilities within team working will be welcomed by employees as an unconditional bene?t and that its refusal is irrational because it violates their essential human needs. â€⠄¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Ezzamel and Willmott, 1998: 5) However, Knights and Knights and McCabe (2000) show that, team membership is not merely responsibility that brings autonomy, it also means pressure for the members in many cases. Different forms of team can be created by management directive. They can vary in terms of the outcomes that they are expected to achieve, the level of decision making responsibility as most of them have little autonomy for decision making, size of the teams, work cycle, degree of integration with other units and the like. One of the major problems with the assumptions about teams and teamwork is that, ‘’both advocates and critics of teams tend to present them as a ‘package’ in which task functions, value-orientations and capacity for self- governance are all mutually reinforcing’’ (Thompson and McHugh 2009) As it is emphasized by Thomson and Wallace (1996) teams can vary in the forms and sizes, as an implication of a range of factors and components in it.. Three dimensions of these factors can be identified for analysing the efficiency of teamwork. Multi – dimensional approach to the team working helps to identify and understand more clearly various types of managerial goals and configuration of their practices. These dimensions are related with the governance – in terms of devolve decision making, delegated powers, self – regulation. There are some researches in literature that states the importance of self- regulation in teamwork in terms of both in terms of increased productivity and employee welfare. High degree of control over the teams causes the discretion and prevents personal initiatives at work. Second dimension of the teamwork is concerned with the issues that related to normative motives – shared purpose within the teams, cultural cohesion and technical issues, in terms of flexibility, integration and the like. ‘’†¦ team working is a move away from the hierarchical command and control workplace, and the decisive means of empowering the employee [24, p. 30]. But most acknowledge that even in the more advanced initiatives, â€Å"there is seldom talk of democracy† [11, p. 25]. Expanded responsibilities and self-regulation, in whatever degree, is a functional requirement of the new production environments rather than a goal of participation and involvement. ‘’ (Thomson and Wallace; 1996) Knights and McCabe (2000) suggest critical approaches to the assumption on understanding and effectiveness of teamwork that is illustrated by mainstream perspective, criticizing autonomous team concept is not realized, it did not displaced the rigidity of bureaucratic system in organisations. Teamwork does not decrease the control over the employees, change in the direct control and managing through responsible autonomy does not mean less supervision, it cause a less visible but equally constraining form of normative control, that encourages employees to internalise managerial definitions of organisational goals (Grenier 1988; Barker 1993; Graham 1995; quoted in SKOPE research paper 2009). ‘’However, teams did not always have autonomy. In 83 per cent of the workplaces with team working, teams were given responsibility for specific products and services, and in 61 per cent they could jointly decide how work was done. However, in just 6 per cent they were allowed to appoint their own team leaders. ’’ (Kersley et al. , 2007; 17-18; quoted in Thompson and McHugh 2009) Furthermore, state that ideal model of teamwork is over simplistic and is assumed in isolation from very important contextual factors that in essence, shapes it. One of the most important points of the effectiveness of teamwork is about task discretion. Both perspectives have impressive range of evidences about the implications of task discretion to the employee motivation. Optimists suggest that, the task discretion is the sign of high employee commitment and high productivity. On the other hand, there are powerful criticisms about this approach, concerned that, the task discretion declines the autonomy of the employees at work and creates danger for their well-being. However, independent work groups, based on the concepts such as job enrichment and re-designing creates an opportunity for employees for decision making on operational issues and various levels of integrated organisational skills, and also more flexible working in more integrated divisions of labour.

Netflix Case Essay

In the late 1990s, with the booming in number of Internet users (dot-com boom), investors was encouraged to invest in Internet to get in on the very profitable market that was available at that time. Netflix was one of the first Internet companies, which took that advantage by getting into Internet video market. By the late 2000s, home video rental business (Blockbuster, Hollywood video, etc.) took place in the market, however it didn’t take too long for Netflix to beat that market and in mid 2009 increase its stock prices to $39 when its best competitor Blockbuster’s was less than $1. Although Netflix was taking power over the video industry, companies such as Apple, Amazon studios and Hulu began to threat Netflix’s share in the market but Netflix could respond to those threats by investing in research and development and bring up new models such as video on demand model. Today Netflix is world’s leading Internet TV and movie provider and has over 40 million members in most developed countries. Netflix is still working hard to meet unending challenges while controlling its core business and it is not very easy to manage an organization as Netflix since there are always issues and problems due to competitors’ challenges in this competitive industry but it is possible for Netflix to manage these competitions by doing research and development to come up with new models and trends. The video industry started in the 1970s in the United States and it was mostly focused on VCR technology. With the decrease in movie theatres, the industry concerned about loosing the control over selling their movies and was looking a better way to extend the distribution network, which was only by movie theatre at that time. By the 1990s, they came up with the idea home rental videos since they saw the opportunity of video rental business which could not only be an alternative of going to movie theatre, but also great chance of selling or renting the movies that performed bad in movie theatres. The market has changed in 2000s when DVD technologies, which had special features such as, extra scenes and extended versions took place in the market until 2010 when the Blu-ray came up since there was a demand for viewing of high definition movies but it didn’t take place very well in the market and then DVD maintained its position again. However, there was a change in buyer behavior as Internet technologies have improved. Buyers started not to go to video rental store just like they didn’t want to go to a computer store to buy a computer. Internet sales took control over almost every industry. Even grocery shopping could be done online. Hence, digital distribution of TV shows and movies via Internet streaming wasn’t a big surprise for the industry. Since all these was threatening physical video rental business, Netflix offered its customers to watch a movie immediately when purchased without worrying about turning it back or even late fees. The organization turned into a win-win situation because of the fact it included customers, producers, TV and cable providers, distributers, movie theatres and even video stores into its value chain.

Karl Marx's theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Karl Marx's theories - Essay Example Workers are alienated from the activity of working. The employers assign their employees their tasks. This means that the work actually belongs to those who are in authority. Workers are alienated from the chance to understand humanity. An example includes those workers who pollute the environment, the factory workers. They are causing harm to the world they inhabit. Workers are also alienated from each other. This occurs as the workers undergo competitions in order to win over certain positions in a labor marketplace. According to utilitarian view, those actions for a problem are considered correct which offer more benefits to the society as compared to the benefits offered by other actions conducted in the same situation (Russell 1959, 65). Actions should be considered right or wrong according to costs and benefits associated with them. Those offering more costs than benefits are considered wrong and vice versa. Through out the world, child labor is unanimously opposed. However, it does exist in certain countries because if children do not earn, the entire family suffers. In such situations, child labor is considered right as it has more benefits than adverse effects. Categorical imperative states that actions are morally correct if the reason behind them is that the person who is conducting that action in a situation is ready to accept the same action conducted upon him (Hegel 1956, 167). An example is that an employer can only discriminate between his employees (on the basis of color, race and ethnicity) if he is ready to accept his supervisor practicing the same kind of behavior with him. Theodicy explains why an ideal, almighty God, who has knowledge about everything, allows immorality and sin. This is a justification of a Divine existence. According to Saint Thomas, evil is misery, it exists where goodness does not. There is no optimism which gives rise to evil so God can not be held responsible for the evil that exists in the universe. Evil does not exi st as an objective notion but as a subjective one. It’s not an inherent quality; rather, people show iniquity and injustice in relation to others. Everything real in this world is in fact good; but these realities end up being evil due to some incident. The original reason of evil is good, even the subjects in which evil is identified. Augustine’s sayings are agreed upon by only a few (Rachels 2010, 300). The dispute is a result of the vagueness of his work. Individuals have a free will to choose between right and wrong. Certainly, free will exists. He even stated that the individuals are saved by God from doing evil and the decision to save them is taken even before individuals are born. One can lead a life of self-control and determination but if God does not wish to save him from evil, his free-will holds no importance. This implies that a person who experiences something unpleasant but is chosen by God will be saved no matter what he does. God is not related to mal evolence as He is only the Creator of righteousness. The humans (or angels) transgress the bounds of goodness and commit sins. The contradistinction arises as free will does not support the fact that God is accountable for all good. People are not acknowledged for their goodness but only for their wrong doings. The free will of people is influenced by their needs, wishes and lust. Indeed, J.L Mackie

Advanced Database Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Advanced Database - Essay Example atabase management system shows that it can be a perfect solution for the exponentially growing data volumes.It employs distributed computing approach and would be a perfect choice for managing such big data. The term NoSQL has been denoted as â€Å"not only SQL† by many people. It however has no any universally accepted definition. This title is affiliated to the fact that NoSQL databases do not require execution of SQL statements to query the database. It was devised by Carlo Strozzi in 1998 while referring to his Light Weight, Open Source Database that had no any SQL interface.It is designed in a manner that data storage does not take the form of schemas, thereby avoiding join operations and making it easy to scale horizontally. In 2009, Eric Evans from Rackspace Inc. also used the term while referring to databases which are distributed and non-relational, and which did not conform to the ACID properties of the traditional relational database management systems. Later discussions and use of NoSQL got an impetus that saw it growing remarkably. NoSQL is a group of eclectic non-relational data management systems in which the databases does not use the table schemas to store data. Manipulation of these databases does not rely on SQL as is the case of the conventional relational database management systems. NoSQL databases have gained much impetus due to their ability to support huge quantities of increasing data. With the application of the distributed systems concept, NoSQL databases are designed to handle massive data processed parallel across many servers, employing the use of non-SQL mechanisms and languages to manipulate data. This is achieved through various APIs that aid in converting SQL statements into the system’s innate query language. They emerged as a solution to the challenge major internet companies were facing while dealing with huge quantities of data. To guarantee data integrity, most conventional database management systems employ the aspect

Child Development through Interaction, Observation and Conversation Essay

Child Development through Interaction, Observation and Conversation - Essay Example For example the child could run away from balls that were thrown at them and could easily hit them to hurt them. The child was however selective with choice of games as he preferred less strenuous games. Again, the child used mastery in motor skills to walk from shelf to shelf to get books that they preferred to read. Interacting with the child, it was noted that his choice of book selection was affected by gender as the child perceived that as a male he was to read books with themes that focused on adventure and fiction rather than those about nature. From Piaget’s cognitive child development theory, children can be seen a little scientists who possess the ability to create their own forms of knowledge (Joseph, 2000). This was exactly what was experienced with the child as he constantly preferred to use real life situations and experiences to get questions that were posed in the classroom answered. At the playground, the child exhibited intensive metacognition abilities as he confirmed that he could know through knowing. This is because while the child was observed playing a video game on football, the child always tried to transfer knowledge in real life football into the game so as to win. According to Piaget’s stage of cognitive development, second graders can be said to be concrete operational stage where they start to think more logically but also struggle with abstract and hypothetical concepts (Jacobi, Calamari & Woodard, 2006). This was seen with the child’s language capabilities which were translated into choice of books that were selected. This is because the child wanted books with more illustrations that directly translated the ideas they wanted to read about. Through interaction with the child, it was found that there child had some difficulty accepting and adapting to the classroom as a social setting. This is because the child was constantly withdrawn from

Homework assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Homework - Assignment Example Plate, the Pacific Plate, the Caroune Plate. The North American and Pacific plates are sliding apart and past each other, Pacific moving left and North American moving right. The Juan de Fuca Plate is sliding underneath the North American Plate, and melting (Watson, 1997). There are no active volcanoes in the Eastern US because there are presently no active plate boundaries (no shifting and sliding tension). There is, however, evidence that this was not always the case, and that conditions used to yield volcanic activity, but it was long ago (Watson, 1997). Mt. Ranier is an active volcano, which has erupted severely, many times over many centuries. It last erupted in 19894-95 and is resting, at the moment, but this temporary situation lulls people into feeling safe when, in fact, they are not safe. Someday it will no doubt erupt again (Driedger & Scott, 2008). This will cause snow and ice to melt, which picks up mud and a lot of destructive force, or large landslides can occur and act in a similar manner. These are called lahars, and they act like a rapidly oncoming, thick wall of concrete. Enough force can carry it all the way to Puget Sound, so many people along the way can be damaged, since there are densely populated areas along the way. Infrastructure would also be destroyed (Driedger & Scott, 2008). The anytime-now probability of lahars from Mt. Ranier activating is actually a very strong and serious risk. About 80,000 people, their homes, businesses, roads, bridges, etc. would be affected. Ashes from the volcano can be dangerous for aircraft visibility and respiratory risk. Utility and transportation systems can be impacted, and it can be rather costly to clean up. One of the most dangerous aspects is that there would likely be no warning, or insufficient warning to prevent mass death and damage

The Effects of TQM on Human Resource Management Essay

The Effects of TQM on Human Resource Management - Essay Example Wilkinson, Marchington & Daleuman believe that "TQM is unlikely to achieve its objectives unless there is greater awareness of the people factor in quality management." Even if a strategy and the tools employed may be considered fool-proof, nothing will happen if the people side of the equation is not properly addressed. Most management experts share the same thoughts. Strategic planning, which is a prerequisite in TQM, takes WHAT IS and develops ideas on WHAT SHOULD BE along with plans for HOW TO GET THERE. Since such planning provides the road map for GETTING THERE, it is important to incorporate the people or human resource factor in this effort. Strategic planning is therefore nothing but human resource planning, which is another name for Human Resource Management. Perry & Mesch (1997) This paper will attempt to chronicle how HRM evolved from its simple screening-and-hiring role in the past into its more critical and multi-faceted functions of today, an expanded role imposed on it by necessity because of the advent of TQM. At the outset, this has been the most visible effect of TQM on human resource management. In the past, human resource management went no farther than classifying job positions, recruitment and hiring as well as ensuring proper employee benefits, discipline and seeing to the organization's compliance with employment laws. This role has expanded to include duties on building a more stable, better qualified workforce as required by the TQM approach, which calls for a team effort, assistance in developing it and objectives-based performance appraisal systems. To be able to contribute to an organization's success under a TQM approach, human resource development now covers the following: Internal career ladder system - this is done to focus individual attention on strategic issues facing the organization over the long term. Formal training - continuous training is held for everyone to fit in the organization and become a valuable contributor to the team. Result-oriented performance appraisal - this is conducted as basis for promotion, demotion, retention, transfer and pay scale. Employment security - this is put in place for employees to devote their attention to the job at hand rather than worry about their possible dismissal. Employee voice/participation - active participation in the effort to achieve the organization's goals raises the employees' morale and sense of duty. Broadly defined jobs - employees are given more challenging and meaningful job assignments to keep them on their toes. Performance-based compensation - rewards for a job well done inspire employees to do better. TQM calls for the involvement of top management and all levels of the organization and this in turn requires a more strategic approach to the management of human resources which is HRM. There is a "hard" type of TQM which pays little attention to the people element in the drive for continuous quality improvement. This TQM type is largely production-oriented such that emphasis is given to systems, processes and procedures. The criteria for the granting of ISO-9000 and British Standards-5750 are based mostly on this type which disappoint HRM professionals who feel that greater emphasis must be placed on the human aspects of TQM.

Public Tax Policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Public Tax Policy - Essay Example Therefore, a public tax policy can be described as guidelines for actions that the executive or the administrative branches of a country’s governance should take. These actions are usually encompassed with essential principles and are usually of responsive nature (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 160). As such, these actions are mostly adopted to respond to certain issues in a manner that can be identified as consistent with the country’s laws as well as customs of the institutions within that country. The stronghold of public policies in any country is the national law as well as the constitutional law, which is in most cases substantially established. In addition to this, the implementing legislation is also identified as fundamental to national policies. An example of this is the U.S federal code (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 166). Judicial interpretations as well as the legislation authorized regulations make the rest of the substrates essential in establishing public taxpolicies. According to scholars, the most effective description of public policies is that they are a system of regulatory measures, funding priorities as well as actions taken with reference to a specified topic. It should not only be a topic but one that has been promulgated by the government representatives or the entity itself (Feehan 45). Commonly, the public policies are entailed such aspects as the judicial decisions, constitutions as well as in legislative acts (Howlett 36). II. Thesis Statement The purpose of this paper is to critically analyse the public tax policies adopted by the U.S and thereby determining if the founding fathers really made the right decisions concerning those policies (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 170). III. Discussion Analysis of Govermental engagement in Public tax policies i. President’s Office In the US, the office of the president is usually mandated with the responsibility of ensuring that the government agents operate cohesively as well as optimumly with regard to govermantal projects. The funding of these projects comes from the public finances. Usually, the president designs the framework in from which implementation of the public tax policy will be done and passed to the U.S treasury and from there, this framework is released to the public (Feehan 46). In his Gettysburg address, Lincoln brought the U.S together while it was experiencing impairments. He did this by invoking the Founding fathers. This course of action can also be traceable in the actions of Franklin Roosevelt during his attempts to change the America’s social contract such that, apart from the security from hostility, he ensured that it also included the economic security which is a subject of a common good for the public (McGrail, Morgan, and Hertzman 176). Moreover, the process is usually multifaceted and it entails interplaying between individual groups as well as several individuals (Feehan 47). As such, these individuals and inter est groups engage themselves in collaborations in an effort to inflict an influence on the makers of the policies such that they will act in a certain manner. In an effort towards advancement of their aims, these interest groups and individuals utilize a wide range of tools as well as tactics. These include; mobilizing the affiliated parties on some issues, make explicit attempts not only to empower but also to educate the supporters as well as the opponents. In

Lifespan Development Psychology Paper Essay Example for Free

Lifespan Development Psychology Paper Essay Lifespan Development Paper When studying the Lifespan Developmental stages throughout Chapter 1 of our textbook, I began to realize that I have traveled down some of the same common paths as my personal idols. Although most were dead long before I was ever conceived, I find it rather fascinating. The textbook states that Lifespan perspective is defined as lifelong, multidimensional, multidirectional, plastic, multidisciplinary, and contextual, and as a process that involves growth, maintenance, and regulation of loss. The human life expectancy has truly surpassed all other living animals from a house mouse that has a life span of a measly 3 years, to an Indian elephant that can live to be 70 years. Jeanne Calmet, who was the oldest living person, was born in Arles, France was born February 21, 1875 and died August 4, 1997. She was 122 years and 164 days old at the time of her death. Although most would love to live as long of life as Mrs. Calmet, that is somewhat unrealistic. The average life expectancy for people living within the United States of America is 78 years of age. That is a humungous leap from the average life expectancy of a man who lived during the Pre-historic which was the early age of 18. People go through many different changes as the world is ever changing. There are three different types of influences which include: 1) normative age-graded influences, 2) normative history-graded influences, and 3) nonnormative or highly individualized life events. Examples of normative age-graded influences are things that people of the same age go through together. Let’s take my twin sister and me as an example. At the early age of 1, we both began walking with 2 weeks of one another. Although not at the same time, we both were starting our menstrual cycles both at the age of 11 years old. In life we will experience menopause around the same time, and possibly even retirement within a short time between each other. Examples of normative history-graded influences would be people who have experienced history changing events with one another. How about two mothers who may live on the opposite sides of the United States, but both lost children as a result to fighting over in Afghanistan. They will never know one another but they will have a similar bond because they went through a similar event. Another would be the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. Even I will never forget where I was and what I was doing on that fateful day. Lastly, examples of nonnormative or highly individualized life events could be anything from hitting it rich with the lottery, to an unexpected, devastating event like Hurricane Katrina. It may not have happened to all of us, but it influenced us all in different ways. When I began reading the part in Chapter 1 that was titled, â€Å"Women’s Struggle for Equality: An International Journey†, I was truly astonished by the figures. It is sad when I look around my neighborhood, and think that one in every six of these homes, a person is/was abused by their partner. Last weekend, my 10 year old son and I witnessed physical abuse as a girl was being drug as she was attempting to get into the passenger side of a vehicle while at our local Burger King. Then the teenage boyfriend began slapping her. My son and I were panicking to help this young girl whom we didn’t even know. I immediately called 9-1-1 and reported it to the authorities. The police arrived before we even left the parking lot, and I pray that this girl knows her worth in life, and realizes that she deserves better than that. The story in our textbook about Doly Akter, who is only 17 years of age and has lived her life in the slums of Bangladesh, is stepping out to do her part to help make her community a better one. She has created a club that is sponsored by UNICEF and goes door to door to monitor the hygiene and health of her neighbors. With her help, along with others that are a part of this phenomenal club, they are already seeing a major improvement in people’s health and hygiene. To make this story even better, she is talking to parents of girls to explain that arranged child marriages are not always in the best interest of these young ladies and staying in school will improve the lives of these girls. Health care in America has done amazing things for their citizens but still has a long way to go. I don’t want to imagine that when I become older, I only have a 52% chance of receiving the recommended proper care to treat something as important as heart disease. Along with the government regulated Medicare, and improper care for the millions of senior citizens in the United States, I can only hope that it gets better and fast to help these people. With the (2) factors that show that today’s senior citizens need our help more know that decades earlier, it should be our duty and privilege to help them. Going to your local Senior living facility and seeing the many, who have no spouses still living, or no family to talk to, they are forced to go through their later part of life, not really communicating with others.

Comparing Body Modification vs Self Mutilation

Comparing Body Modification vs Self Mutilation Self injury and body modification are closely related to or considered the same thing to some people. The intent one has behind doing these things separate whether it is self injury or simply self expression. Self injury, self harm, and self mutilation are described as deliberate harm to oneself. The injury usually causes noticeable damage such as: cutting, burning, hair pulling, and even in the worst case scenario, limb amputation. This is not to be confused with an attempt at suicide (Thompson, 2010). This is usually due to a long history of sexual abuse, physical abuse, broken homes, alcoholic homes, and absent parents. Most people attempt self injury because they lack the proper coping skills (Thompson, 2010). Many people that self-injure try to keep it a secret due to the fact that they are ashamed, feel guilty, or are embarrassed. The fact is that people who self injure are sound and reasonable people that probably were never taught the correct ways to cope with immense emotional pain. People who self harm are in fear that if they tell or ask someone for help that they will be committed or considered psychotic (Thompson, 2010). Sadly enough this is true, people tend to make assumptions about things they dont understand. The first step in identifying self harm vs. body modification is to identify the directness, lethality, and repetition. Directness refers to how intentional the act is when done. If the act is done with complete awareness and consciousness of its dangerous effects, and an aware intent to produce those effects its considered direct (Martinson, 2002). There are different stages of self injury. The most extreme form is major self mutilation. Where this form results in serious disfigurement such as: castration, and limb amputation (Thompson, 2010). Then there is the stereotypic self injury which is when one will head bang against a wall, eyeball gouge, and bite. The last type of self injury is the most common form, superficial self mutilation which involves cutting, hair pulling, burning, bones breaking, and interference with wound healing (Thompson, 2010). One of the main questions people ponder is why would one want to self injure themselves? Self injury helps with intense feelings like anger, sadness, frustration, loneliness, shame, and guilt. People who self injure tend to do so to try and release feelings they cant deal with. Self injurers also feel that maybe if they cut themselves seeing their own blood will make them feel something as opposed to the numbness they are used to (Thompson, 2010). Another reason people self injure and continue to self injure is because endorphins are released when you self injure. Giving you that calm and relaxed feeling, almost like a high from a drug. Endorphins are protein chains that are released by the Hypothalamus area in the brain. They act in the same way as morphine except that endorphins are 18-50 times stronger (Thompson, 2010). Your body uses endorphins for several purposes. Firstly, to boost energy when you need it; secondly to reduce pain from injury; and thirdly, to signal that you are doing something worthwhile or enjoyable and to encourage you to do more of the same. Others feel that dealing with physical pain is easier to deal with and easier to understand then what the real under lying issue is. Self injury is also used to punish oneself. If they were physically, mentally, or sexually abused. They may feel it was their fault which makes them feel the need to punish themselves for doing nothing to stop it (Thompson, 2010). The Act of self injury usually leaves a feeling of calmness and peace, almost like a high from a drug (Thompson, 2010). Since this feeling is temporary it usually leads the person to do it again. Or this may continue until the real underlying problem is solved or they find a better way to cope (Thompson, 2010). It all comes down to lacking the proper coping skills. The definition of self injury is deliberate harm to ones own body. The injury is done to oneself, without another person, and the injury is severe enough for tissue damage, such as scarring to result. Acts that are committed with conscious suicidal intent or are ass ociated with sexual arousal are excluded (Martinson, 2002). 14% of self-injurers were diagnosed with major depression, as opposed to 56% of the suicide-attempters. Alcohol dependence was diagnosed in 16% of the self injury group, but in 26% of the suicide attempters group. Only 2% of the Self Injury group was considered schizophrenic; 9% of the suicidal attempters group was. The self injury group was 12% vs. 7% or to be diagnosed with adjustment disorder with depressed mood 24% vs. 6 %( Martinson, 2002). The reason for some cases of self-mutilation is borderline personality disorder. These people have problems with self-image, mood and instability in their relationships. They may have other issues including depression, anxiety, conduct problems, antisocial behavior and eating disorders particularly bulimia. Almost one-half of adult self-mutilators are reported to be depressed (self mutilation, 2011). Adolescent self-mutilators report an increased use of substances including alcohol. This may be related to impulsivity as a response pattern to stress or other situations. Alcohol abuse or family violence can also play a role in self mutilation and a history of violent and deprived family situations can lead to self mutilation(Self mutilation,2011). One of the main issues separating self-injurious acts from tattoos and piercings is that of pride. Most people who go to get tattooed or pierced are proud, and enjoy their new art expressed on their body. They want to show others their ink, their studs, their plugs. They enjoy telling their story of the pain, the fear, the experience. In contrast, people who self injure usually dont tell anyone about it nor do they want anyone to know. Self-injurers go to great lengths to cover and hide their wounds and scars. Self-injurers do not want to show off their scars. Self mutilation is a distinct behavior, in definition, method and purpose, from tattooing and piercing (Alderman, 2009). The history of tattooing is very extensive. Something which is now pretty acceptable and common in society. Tattoos have been around for more than 5000 years (Tattoogallery, 2007). Tattoos are used today as a form of expression. People get tattoos to commemorate lost family members, show off things they have interest in, and perhaps just a design they enjoy. Tattooing had many very important purposes in the beginning of time for many different reasons, and many different cultures. In Egypt before 2000 B.C, only priestesses were allowed to be tattooed for ritualistic purposes. In Thailand men were the only people allowed to have tattoos. Thai people believed that tattoos place magical protection on the skin. Women were considered strong enough to live without the need of protection (Tattoogallery, 2007). The original purpose of tattoos was to be centered around being involved and in tune with nature. Tattoos were believed to possess magical abilities, blessings and to ward off demons (TattooGallery, 2007). Around the time tattoos were beginning, the bible was being written and certain religious leaders spoke out against the art of tattooing your body, because they believed that your body is your temple and created with no flaws. To them marking your body with symbols is basically telling the gods or god that they made a mistake when creating you (TattooGallery, 2007). As time continued tattoos became more of a symbol of status and less of a magical purpose. With certain tribes like the Celts and Native American tribes, markings were tattooed on the skin to tell stories, events, and their ranking in the tribe hierarchy. On the other hand, In Greece and Rome slaves were tattooed, criminals so that no one would mistake them if they tried to flee (Tattoo Galllery, 2007). As long as there has been man there has been tattooing. Tattooing has been used in almost every culture, and for almost every purpose. One of the main arguments with tattooing is that some cultures and religions are not acceptable to tattooing. In the Jewish religion there are some Jewish customs that prohibit a burial if the person has a tattoo (Self mutilation). Body art has basically evolved with mankind evolving. The intent one has behind getting a tattoo or piercing is the distinguishing factor between self mutilation and just an everyday tattoo. There are many factors that play a role in this, such as: self esteem. People do things for many different reasons. Some get tattoos because they really like an art piece, they enjoy the way it makes them look, or perhaps a way it makes them feel. For some tattooing is a self esteem booster, they feel they are more unique more special than others, it makes them feel pretty. It is not always the case that people walk into a tattoo shop to get a tattoo specifically for the pain. The experience you have while getting a tattoo also plays a role in if you continue to want tattoos. There are many people that get a tattoo and dont get another one due to the experience they had, they are not happy with the results, or they did it on a whim and regret it. It is not always about a pain inducing want. The era that one grows up in also has an effect on liking or disliking tattoos, agreeing with or disagreeing with tattoos. You cannot expect everyone to be on the same page if their whole lives they grew up in a household when tattoos werent common and were extremely frowned upon. These people may not see the purpose, a point to tattoos, or just plain think they are ridiculous. Self injury is harm to ones self, by ones self, not with the intent to kill oneself. In the cases of tattooing and piercing the harm is definitely done to oneself, but not with the intent of killing yourself or with the sole purpose of pain in mind. Receiving a tattoo or piercing is a poor and ineffective way to try getting relief for a self injurer. One of the main reasons people self injure is because they are in control and can do the act themselves, and in turn have the control to hide it. So the idea that either of these behaviors would be done as a suicide attempt or a self injury attempt does not seem to be the case. Most people dont tattoo or pierce themselves; instead they find the assistance of a professional. Occasionally someone may tattoo themselves, particularly in settings such as detention facilities, inpatient programs and other residential environments (8). Self-piercing is more common as it is fairly easy to do. This is what distinguishes the true self-injury from tattoos and piercings is the idea that self-injury is performed by ones own hand, and is usually the main purpose of self injury. In conclusion, self injury and body modification are closely related to or considered the same thing to some people. The intent one has behind doing these things separate whether it is self injury or simply self expression. Some differences between self injury and body modification are, Making a statement vs. making self feel better, uniqueness vs. coping, set apart from mainstream vs. shame, and proud vs. secret, conscious choice vs. unable to control urge. These are some things that can distinguish self injury from tattoos and piercings. Many people that self-injure try to keep it a secret due to the fact that they are ashamed, feel guilty, or are embarrassed. The fact is that people who self injure are sound and reasonable people that probably were never taught the correct ways to cope with immense emotional pain. People who self harm are in fear that if they tell or ask someone for help that they will be committed or considered psychotic (Thompson, 2010). Sadly enough this is true, people tend to make assumptions about things they dont understand. One of the main issues separating self-injurious acts from tattoos and piercings is that of pride. Most people who go to get tattooed or pierced are proud, and enjoy their new art expressed on their body. They want to show others their ink, their studs, their plugs. They enjoy telling their story of the pain, the fear, the experience. In contrast, people who self injure usually dont tell anyone about it nor do they want anyone to know. Self-injurers go to great lengths to cover and hide their wounds and scars. Self-injurers do not want to show off their scars. Self mutilation is a distinct behavior, in definition, method and purpose, from tattooing and piercing (Alderman, 2009). If anything, the history of tattooing gives an indication of the evolution of the mindset of humankind through the ages, depending on their era. Looking back, that the nature of tattoos is now more cosmetic than ritualistic, as the widespread belief in magic has been replaced by the importance of looks and individuality, and the use of the body as a canvas for art(Tattoo Gallery,2007). References Thompson, C. (2010, July 30). Self Injury. Retrieved February 30, 2011, from www.mirror-mirror.org/selfinj.htm Rubin, L. (2009, July 2). popular culture meets psychology. Retrieved February 27, 2011, from www.psychologytoday.com Stirn, A. A. (2008). Tattoos, body piercing and self harm are there link? Retrieved February 27, 2011, from www.bps-research-digest.com Martinson, D. A. (2002, December 18). Tattoos, body piercing and self harm are there link? Retrieved February 29, 2011, from www.palace.net/llama/psych/what.html Self Mutilation. (2011). Retrieved February 29, 2011, from www.massgeneral.org The history of tattoos. (2007). Retrieved February 29, 2011, from www.tattoo-gallery.org/history-of-tattoos.html The history of tattoos. (2007). Retrieved February 29, 2011, from www.hubpages.com Alderman, T. (2009, December 10). The scarred soul. Retrieved February 29, 2011, from www.psycholgoytoday.com/blog/the-scarred-soul/200912/tattoos-andpiercings-selfinjury Making a statement vs. making self feel better Uniqueness vs. coping Set apart from mainstream vs. shame Proudly show Vs. secret Conscious choice vs. unable to control urge

Management of Maxillary Sinusitis of Endodontic Origin

Management of Maxillary Sinusitis of Endodontic Origin A case report ABSTRACT: Endodontic implications of the maxillary sinus include extension of periapical lesion into the sinus. Though the actual cause of sinusitis is difficult to determine accurately, majority of the cases occur through a dental cause. The purpose of this paper was to present the management of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin. A 48 year old generally healthy male patient reported to the dental clinic for the implant placement in the area of missing #26. During the procedure, the dental surgeon noticed a thick granulation tissue in the deep area with painful sensation. Further endodontic consultation revealed the tooth #25 was endodontically treated 9 years ago and CBCT showed periapical lesion perforated the maxillary sinus. Extraction and enucleation was done and the biopsy sent to the histopathological lab revealed periapical granuloma. After 2 months, patient was asymptomatic and ENT examination showed the floor of maxillary sinus with reduced hyperplasia. Symptoms of m axillary sinusitis can evoke pain of dental origin, and a careful differential diagnosis is important when dealing with pain in the maxillary posterior area. Keywords: maxillary sinusitis, mucositis, odontogenic origin Introduction Endodontic implications of the maxillary sinus include extension of periapical lesion into the sinus. The literature mentions many cases of extension of periapical infection to the maxillary sinus 1-2-3-4. Stafne estimated that 15–75% of the sinusitis cases occur through a dental cause although the actual cause is difficult to determine accurately 5. Sinusitis can be divided into acute, subacute and chronic types. Symptoms produced by acute or subacute maxillary sinusitis can be mistaken with those of pulpal origin 6. A comprehensive examination of the patient’s medical and dental history will draw the attention of the clinician to endodontic implications of odontogenic origin. The purpose of this paper was to present the management of maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin. Case report A 48 year old generally healthy male reported to the dental clinic for the implant placement in the area of missing #26. During the procedure, the dental surgeon noticed a thick granulation tissue in the deep area and the patient started feeling painful sensation even with repeated anesthesia. The surgeon then put bone graft material and closed the flap for further consultation. Patient was then shifted from implant clinic to the diagnosis clinic for examination of tooth #25 that had periapical lesion (figure 1). It was revealed during the examination that the tooth #25 had undergone root canal treatment 9 years ago. The pre-operative radiograph had revealed a large periapical lesion with interrupted lamina dura around the tooth #25 with previous root canal filling material and filling on the crown (Figure 2). The periodontal probing was within normal limits for all teeth in the upper left region and the teeth #24 and #25 was restored with amalgam. (figure 3 and 4). The tooth showed no response to cold and electric pulp testing and it was tender on percussion but not on palpation. The tooth was diagnosed as previously treated with symptomatic periapical peridontitis. After the clinical examination, CBCT radiography was taken to check the maxillary sinus involvement. CBCT revealed a periapical lesion that perforated the maxillary sinus with thickening of the maxillary sinus floor (figure 5, 6 and 7). Patient then referred to ENT department for consultation. They advised (i) extraction of the involved tooth to remove the source of infection and the thickening of the floor will get resolved upon follow up, or (ii) to inoculate the lesion completely through endoscope under GA. Patient presented to the endodontic clinic for treatment plan and decision making. The endodontist advised root canal re-treatment of #25 followed by surgical root end resection and retrograde filling along with enucleation of the lesion with precaution to the maxillary sinus perforation. But after consultation with prosthodontist, it was decided to extract the tooth #25 as it was questionable in restorability (figure 8 and 9). So, the recommended treatment was extraction and the final diagnosis was maxillary sinusitis of endodontic origin. Patient referred to OMF department where extraction of tooth #25 and enucleation of the lesion was performed (figure 10, 11 and 12). The biopsy was sent to the histopathololgy lab. Post-surgical instructions were given to the patient and was prescribed cap. amoxicillin 500mg tid, tab. brufen 600mg, Rhinocort along with anti-histamines and decongestants. Biopsy report showed periapical granuloma which confirmed the diagnosis. On follow up after 2 months, patient was asymptomatic and PA radiograph revealed socket space (figure 13 and 14). ENT examination showed the floor of maxillary sinus with reduced hyperplasia. Discussion Radiographic examination of the maxillary sinus includes periapical, occlusal, panoramic and facial views7. Panoramic radiography provides a wide overview of the sinus floor and its anatomical relation with the tooth roots allows the determination of the size of periapical lesions. The symptom associated with maxillary sinusitis is dull pain, mostly unilateral and during mastication, or a feeling of ‘fullness’ around the upper posterior teeth. The patient may complain of pain exacerbated when lying down or bending due to increased intracranial pressure from blood flow and the affected sinus may be tender to palpation8. The teeth in relation to affected sinuses will be moderately or extremely sensitive to palpation and/or percussion. Nasal discharge is considered to be important sign of sinus infection. The use of a topical nasal decongestant may help in differentiating pain from sinusitis or from dental origin. On the other hand, the pain of dental origin ranges from the rmal sensitivities to continuous sharp pain which may be associated with localized swelling. Radiographic changes in sinusitis show thickened sinus mucosal membrane and air-fluid filled. The first time that showed the direct extension of dental infection into the sinus was in a study by Bauer in 1943. His study was done on cadavers and revealed the pulp of involved teeth with histological evidence of extension of infection into the maxillary sinus. The local hyperplasia of dental origin in the mucosa of the maxillary sinus could be removed by conservative root canal therapy. Selden and August in1970 also managed maxillary sinusitis after the treatment of a periodontal-endodontic lesion in first and second premolars. For the refractory cases after a conservative management, the surgical approach was recommended10. In this case the restorability of the tooth made the final decision. At least 70% of bacterial contamination of sinusitis is caused by Streptococcus pneumonia and Haemophilus37 influenzae11. Antibiotics are a significant part of management in acute suppurative sinusitis. Pinheiro et al recommended amoxycillin as a first-line of treatment aimed to cover both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. Topical decongestants are beneficial for oxygenation and facilitate the sinus drainage of pus by decreasing the edema. Analgesics, such as paracetamol and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are beneficial for the control of pain. Conclusion The close anatomical inter-relationship of the maxillary sinus and the roots of upper posterior teeth can lead to endodontic complications. Periapical inflammation can lead to maxillary sinusitis of dental origin with resultant inflammation and thickening of the mucosal lining of the sinus in areas adjacent to the corresponding teeth. In such cases, the conventional endodontic treatment or re-treatment is the treatment of choice with surgical intervention. But there are chance of refractory cases which requires extraction to remove the source of infection. An adequate diagnosis and appropriate treatment with antibiotics, decongestants and analgesics are indicated for the treatment of sinusitis.

The Poetics Summary Essay -- essays research papers

The Poetics- Aristotle Tragedy- the imitation of an action that is serious and also, as having magnitude, complete in itself; in language with pleasurable accessories, each kind brought in separately in parts of the work; in a dramatic, not in a narrative form; with incidents arousing pity and fear; where with to accomplish its catharsis of such emotions. I.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Discussion of Tragedy A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Six parts to a tragedy: 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  fable/plot- the combination of incidents, or things done in the story 2.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  characters- they’re what make us ascribe certain moral qualirties to the agents (actors) 3.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  diction- the composition of the verses 4.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  thought- shown in what is said when proving a point is enunciating a general truth 5.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  spectacle- stage appearance of the actors 6.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  melody- self explanatory II.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Importance of the Fable/Plot over the other elements A.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tragedy is essentially an imitation not of persons, but of action and life, of happiness and misery B.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The life and soul of a tragedy is the plot 1.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tragedy is impossible without action, but there may be one without Character C.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The most powerful elements of attract...

Journey to a New Land :: History

A Journey to a New Land My parents immigrated to Canada in 1990 to escape the tyranny of the Chinese government and to build a better life in Canada. After listening to their stories of hardships and frustrations, I realized how fortunate I was to be living in the country I now called home. When the day came to revisit my homeland, I felt uncertain and nervous. Would I fit in? Would I like it there? These were some of the concerns that were racing through my mind. But as the trip progressed, I realized how much I enjoyed staying inChina. Despite what started off as a foreboding voyage, this journey turned out to be one of the best experiences of my life. It had been a long time between my move from China to Canada and the visit to my homeland. As a baby, I had left for Canada and adopted many new traditions and learned many new things. Going back to China for the first time in eleven years would offer me incredible new experiences, but I wasn’t prepared. I wasn’t ready. Leaving my birth country at the age of one and forgetting many of the proper Chinese traditions, I felt so isolated from my culture. The only encouragement I had of taking this trip was from my parents, who reassured me that I was going to do fine. However, my doubts still remained and I knew this would be an obstacle I had to overcome. As I first stepped onto Chinese soil, I began to explore many of the different features of my culture. The benefit of the currency exchange enabled my parents and me to shop in exquisite Chinese boutiques and eat delectable Chinese foods. As I bit into a delicious deep-fried dumpling while sipping some bubble tea, my worries and anxieties drifted away like mist. Eating and drinking as if I were royalty and shopping in splendour, my life was a paradise. For the first time since I arrived in my motherland, I felt that I did fit in with my culture, for I was adopting many of the Chinese customs already. Adapting to China’s less fortunate society was the hardest challenge. One major disappointment of the Chinese living style was the unsanitary conditions. Everywhere I went, most washrooms were smelly, fly-infested places where toilets were holes dug under the ground. It was repulsive yet distressing to think that millions of people in China had to endure these conditions everyday.

Products and services of the organization Essay

Talent Acquisition & Integrated Project Solutions Upon winning a tender our recruitment team in the region is given a list of requirements from the client which they then have to fill within a given time frame. It is also done through recruitment campaigns is one specific nationality is needed for a project. Global Mobility This is a service that we provide for all placed candidates who are travelling abroad for an assignment which involved on and off boarding support, visa, flights and housing arrangements Identification of Main Customers There are two types of customers that the company serves, those who are looking for workforce (the companies) and those who are looking for employment (the individuals). It is not possible to distinguish the percentage of who the company is more focused on as it varies on the region. What differentiates them is that the Clients that looking for workforce either request our company to be used as the resource through a recommendation or through a tendering process. On the other hand the individuals that approach our business while looking for new opportunities mostly use the website as a platform for searching and applying for employment which is then saved on our data base for future reference and use. 3. The companies’ mission and vision is as follows: The above describe the companies’ overall goal that all its branches are working towards on an annual basis. Those vary depending on the region due to different obstacles, structures or legislation surrounding it. Within the Middle East the main short to medium term objectives is to ensure that the existing relationships that have been established over the years remain undisturbed by this such as low quality of work and untimely delivery of work gained through tenders. This is achieved by employing the right people on the right positions to ensure that what has been built overtime won’t be damaged through wrong communication channels. Moreover the company needs to explore possibly needed adjustments in its operations to be able to work  with companies that work on smaller projects besides those which are government driven or large privately run entities. Finally, the company needs to explore and establish whether it is worth expanding into different. Industries within the region due to the growth within Rail and Construction sectors, considering a lot of competition from abroad this needs extensive analysis and research. 4. An analysis of minimum 4 external factors and their impact on the business activities of the organization. Political This factor within the ME Region is very influential. Due to ongoing conflicts in Iraq our consultants have to go through extensive training in case of emergencies such as wars which not only includes very high rotational/ demobilization costs but also involves a number of measures that the company had to incorporate and take into account while setting up the entity in high risk location which are: a separate emergency phone line, a 24/7 emergency contact, amendments to existing employee contacts which do not consider political conflicts; safe transportation, security guards and special camp accommodation which comes at a very high price The economy in the middle east is very good, however it is only accessible to those who have the right contacts and relationships. Also it is very strongly affected by politics. Western Companies have to go through a very lengthy process of registration which requires wasta not only at the beginning but also for certain regular activities which slows down a lot of processes which in h West wouldn’t be an issue. Arab culture is very strong and rules the legislation and all processes and procedures within workplaces in the Region. Introducing the process of nationalisation has had a great influence on all companies operating in the region as a quota on nationals has to be employed by every company which meant that current employees had to be replaced with locals who unfortunately often aren’t keen to work, which creates a lot of issues in the workplace. While expanding in the ME Region the company had tapped into the Caspian Region a few years ago and set up 3 offices in Kazakhstan. However business development and tenders were a struggle due to very common bribery and corruption methods in doing business in this region. AS this is against the companies’ Code of Business Conduct the Board is now considering to sell the business within that region, as it is impossible to develop without breaking the company codes. 5. Structure of the organization The company structure within the ME region is Functional due to the business need. Each of the departments and all employees have a specific role and function that contributes towards the entire region functioning properly Activity B 1&2 Organizational Strategy The companies’ overall Regional Strategy is focused on growth and development in existing and new locations. This means that all delivery managers are focused on bringing in numbers and new business to ensure high profits which equals meeting their KPIs. This relays to all other departments which like recruiters are pressured to provide the highest level of service and ensure the business’s regular growth. The HR department is there to: Ensure that all incoming business which requires new staff or increased workload for existing staff is worth the effort – preparing P&L Reports Ensuring that all departments are equally rewarded, not just the recruiters that are given regular bonuses for placements made. Initiatives for the finance and GM department have been developed. Policies and procedures have been developed to ensure that all employees who join or are currently working for the company adhere to the same standards and are treated equally. All of the above mentioned directly or indirectly ensure staff retention. Supporting manager and staff & contribution to the overall success of the business Conflict and Dispute solving -When a conflict arises HR is there to be the mediator and the person that is objective towards both sides. The HR helps to solve the problem without involvement of personal opinions of either of the sides. Conflicts often grow to an extent where other departments get involved and it becomes a personal issue rather than a small work issues that absorbs everyone. This is very unhealthy as it absorbs time and energy of the entire team or within an office where it could be used for positive actions and development. HR is there to ensure that misunderstandings do not grow on such scale and help the teams refocus on their goals as well s the common aim of the office or the region that every employee is working towards. This is crucial to the business because a team that doesn’t work well together will never produce results which will mirro their full potential. Performance Management – HR Provides the platform, tools and expertise to ensure that each employee is assessed on a regular basis and has a chance to express and discuss any problems or issues that they might be facing. It also provides written proof for the managers when it comes to promotions and pay rises at the end of the year. It also provides a source of analysis for training needs and employee development plans which are used during budget setting time. Appraisals, even though for many managers seem like a chore are a very important part of the businesses success. Even when a team doesn’t meet on a regular basis to discuss any issues, the assessment time is when real performers and those who clearly underperform are identified. Having detailed written reviews help to distinguish whether a staff member is worth investing in and having his employment continued or whether he should be let go of at early stages – within the first 3 months when the probation period is over. Without the HR department prompting the managers to complete those above described assessments, the managers often do not realize the lack of someone’s potential until crucial, often costly mistakes are made. Guidance in terms of employee legislation As the legislation in the region changes on a regular basis, it is important that HR has the information and relays it to all employees, and also acts as  the person that is informed of any immigration or legal changes. It is crucial to the business that all laws are followed to avoid any issues not only with employees in case of disputes but also with governmental bodies such as immigration or the Municipality. Following those rules in any country can be a deciding factor during an internal or external audit and ensure that the business can continue trading rather than being fined or even closed down for not adhering to the rules and regulations. Fair treatment of employees To ensure fair treatment of employees and to avoid favouritism, policies procedures and guidelines are developed. All employees are bound by the same rules which create guidelines for their day to day behaviours and actions which if broken and referred to during disciplinary or performance assessment meetings. Having rules in place is crucial to the business as it avoids unnecessary conflicts and issues as well as helps employees to understand and follow the company culture which is reflected within its rules.

Famous Thinkers

Famous Thinkers Roxanne Serna PHL/458 July 30, 2012 Trisha Mc Aloon Famous Thinkers Throughout time, there have been many successful people in the world. Famous people with great minds to create new things that would change history itself. In today’s world, the two famous thinkers that have been chosen for this paper truly created a new nation for us. Through persuasion, creative thinking, through their assumptions, that would prove later to be the best possible outcome. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , famous for his â€Å"I had a dream† speech, Franklin D.Roosevelt was famous for creating a better nation during the, â€Å"Great Depression†. These two people truly had a great and creative mind to have come up with the ideas that they had. That one day those ideas that they had would change our great nation. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. , was famous for his â€Å"I had a dream† speech, which was given in 1963 during the ‘Freedom Walk in Detroit† (Bro wn, 2012). He was a contributor to pushing the Civil Rights Act, in which, Dr. Martin Luther King attended the signing ceremony of the bill in 1964 (Burro Jr. , 2002).He was a person who believed in freedom of all people regardless of race or color of their skin. He was passionate about what he believed in and used god as a tool to guide him through the road that he walked. Martin Luther King Jr. , not only a spiritual man but also one that would leave a legacy in history. During the time that Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. was trying to fight the great fight of segregation he was also arrested may times. The arrests were because of not have a permit to demonstrate. Even with these obstacles he was able to continue with his fight for freedom.He overcame these obstacles by being resourceful and learning what he needed to do in order to continue on with his hard work that he had been putting in for the rights and freedom of the people. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr’s. , goal was for fr eedom for the people to have a right to go where they pleased and so that they did not live in fear because of the color of their skin. A minister, who did not believe in violence and would not associate with any other groups that promoted violence, he chose to deal with getting things done in a non-violent manner.There was even a time when Black Muslims in Harlem assaulted Mr. King (Brown, 2012). Dr. Martin Luther King was even more respected by the people because of his ways of dealing with the issues and handling the issues in a non-violent manner. Through Dr. Martin Luther King efforts he was able to get the Boycott that bus segregation is illegal, Bus segregation was ruled illegal on November 13, 1956, Civil Rights Act signed on July 2, 1964, The Famous speech â€Å"I had a dream†, published a book called, â€Å"Stride Toward Freedom†, won the Nobel Peace Prize on December 10, 1964 (Brown, 2012).He had so many other great accomplishments throughout his life. He wa s Man of the Year in Times magazine, this was because of all the accomplishments he made in a non-violent way. He was a man that was viewed by the public as a man who can provide the knowledge of how to go about changing segregation. Dr martin Luther King Jr. decided one day that enough was enough and segregation had to be changed. Maybe it was god calling him to try to achieve the unachievable. That is what was though during those times. Segregation was such a major issue that was troubling the African American citizens.I believe Dr. Martin Luther King had to really think and devise a plan that would be error proof. His tactics of non-violence was through he trained mind that he by the power of god would make such a great change. His thinking process was very critical at times, depending on what type of situation he faced. He had to think carefully about what he was going to do and how he would go about it. Creating and organizing his marches and speeches, keeping the people on the same page as what he believed in. Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. as a very creative and critical when dealing with the ideas and issues he faced. Franklin D. Roosevelt was born in New York in 1882 (The White House, 2012). Franklin D. Roosevelt was also known by FDR. Throughout this paper, we will refer to him as just that FDR. Among many famous thinkers FDR was well know for the â€Å"100 days†. FDR became president in 1933, there were many changes FDR planed to do within ‘100 days' (FDR Library and Museum, n. d. ). During this time was there was lots of turmoil because of what was known as ‘The Great Depression’.He was one of the only Presidents to have severed four terms in office. During his terms in office, he created programs that would still be used today. FDR was such a creative and ingenious person. He created the Agricultural Adjustment Administration and Civilian Conservation Corps, aimed to bring economic relief and reform (FDR Library and Museum, n . d. ). In 1935 the Social Security, Works Progress Administration and the New Deal legislation passed (The White House, 2012). He had to be critical when it came to the Pearl Harbor Booming in 1941.This was something that was so unexpected that happened. FDR had to do something and react fast so that he did not look like a week leader. However, because is his creative and critical thinking process he knew in his mind what would be best for our Nation. In 1942, he goes on to create ‘grand alliance’ of Allied powers through â€Å"the Declaration of the United Nations† (FDR Library and Museum, n. d. ). Serving four terms, he made so many great accomplishments. He got our nation out of the Great Depression and Created the United Nations.Despite FDR’s physical condition he was still able to do the things that were needed to run this country in such a great way that he did not let his disability get in his way. In fact it seemed to have made him stronger. I thi nk he felt to say to the country look at me if I can do it with all that I have going on then there is no excuse for anyone to use a disability as an excuse to get things done. FDR was daring and willing to take chances when nobody believed in his ideas. He proved to be resourceful in all his efforts when he was in office and made such a big difference in our country.Each of these famous thinkers used many different ways of critical thinking and creative thinking. Martin Luther King Jr. seemed to think and analyze what he was doing before he would attempt to go on with an idea he may have. Both thinkers had to use the Cause and Effect to find out if the solutions that they proposed would work or not. They also both used the Creative Process to try their ideas. They searched for that challenge to see if it was achievable and they both found that as they searched they did find what they wanted to achieve.They both not only investigated the problem by the also produced ideas that would change history forever. Each of these famous thinkers could not have done anything differently. If they would have done anything differently, segregation might still exist. If we did not have a president with enough ideas for the challenges that he would face getting our great nation out of the Great Depression. To change anything about these thinkers would change history as we see it then and now. They were both very creative at what they did and achieved what they et out to achieve. References Brown, M. (2012). Time Line of Events in Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s life. Retrieved from http://www. lib. lsu. edu/jum/mlk/srs216. html Burro Jr. , R. (2002). Martin Luther King Jr. ‘s doctrine of Human Dignity. Western Journal of Black Studies, 26(4), 228. FDR Library and Museum. (n. d. ). Biography of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Retrieved from http://www. fdrlibrary. marist. edu/education/resources/bio_fdr. html The White House. (2012). Franklin D. Roosevelt. Retrieved from http://w ww. whitehouse. gov/about/president/franklindroosevelt Famous Thinkers Since the beginning of time there have been many famous thinkers and some of the individuals made a difference in society. Not only did he or she think each of them where creative in their own way. Martin Luther King jr. made a difference in society he made contribution. Before he led the segregation black people were not allowed to seat in a bus where white people had a priority to seat and black people had to stand up. He was upset when Rosa Parks was denied a seat because of the color of her skin. Martin Luther King Jr. took a stand to defend the people rights for there was no equality or justice for color people. Both parents of Martin Luther King Jr. parents could not shield him completely from racism. â€Å"He saw much in the world that was out of harmony with God, including segregation in the Southern U. S. †(Leonard, 1998). MLK believe if people truly had a deep relationship with god, then the individual could not hate but instead love. The real problem is that through our scientific genius we've made of the world a neighborhood, but through our moral and spiritual genius we've failed to make of it a brotherhood† (Leonard, 1998). In 1963, during the massive March on Washington by some 250,000 people in behalf of jobs and freedom, King delivered his best-known speech â€Å"I have a dream,† expressed his hope for a better future. He had faith in his vision for the world (Leonard, 1998). MLK was a creative thinker, he in vision and wanted for his communit y to have a better life. People of color did not have the same rights as the white individuals, color people were only associated with the people. Color did the same job but not paid the same as white were afraid of them and discriminated in every way. Time has changed since MLK was alive; because of MLK he saw and felt the need the every person whether your white or color deserves justice and equal rights like our constitution mention â€Å"all men are created equal†. MLK had faced many problems during his time and he knew it need it to be resolve. It took a lot of time to be able to think in many ways to be a resolve each problem. As he was an activism he faced problem during the Civil Rights movement. Every time MLK went he was harassed by the government and media. Since he became an activism and had rally’s with other individuals’ who wanted the same thing as MLK, he received hundreds of calls, letters that threatened to kill him and even the people who were against MLK threw a bomb to his house no one was injured the day it happen. He had so many obstacles but it did not stop him there at all as he kept going even though he got arrested numerous times during the movement. â€Å"Violence never brings permanent peace, it solves no social problems, it merely creates new and more complicated ones. Instead of diminishing evil, it multiplies it† (Leonard, 1998). MLK foresaw that our country can do much so much more for color people. During this time he realizes that in this country not only did the color were poor but also the white. He also realizes there was class inequalities and racism needing it to be addressed. â€Å"He knew that for change to be achieved, the privileged had to be forced to share the vast resources which they exploited and hoarded for themselves† (Jackson, 2007). MLK wanted to do a mass movement were the community got involve in a widespread nonviolent protest; not only did he wanted the black community to get involve but people of color as the people of united states country got into strike and realize they are also important as the white people are. Famous Thinkers The first critical thinker we will look at is Nelson Mandela, he was born on July 18, 1918 in South Africa. He was the first of his family to attend school and after his father died he was supposed to inherit their tribe but decided to go on to school to become a lawyer. This was a major decision in his life and helped shaped him into the leader he would become. In 1944 he joined the African National Congress which fought against apartheid, He was arrested in 1956 for treason and was held for five years, but was found not guilty. In 1962 he was arrested again and convicted of conspiracy and sabotage where he would serve eighteen years of a life sentence. Once released from prison he became president of the African National Congress in 1991 and in 1994 he was elected President of South Africa and was the first black President there. Because of his contributions to apartheid he has won many prizes including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1993. (â€Å"Promote Tolerance†, 2013). In 1985 while still in prison the current president offered to release Nelson if he renounced his armed struggle , but Nelson rejected it. This clearly shows how dedicated that he was for the cause he believed in (â€Å"Biography. com†, 2013). Because of Nelson’s family background and his father being the leader of a tribe he was definitely thinking outside the box and had aspirations of his own. With the social and political environments he was in there in South Africa and the unrest of segregation set the stage for his future. The factors involved with such segregation contributed to his creativity in many ways which allowed him to be at the forefront of the movement. The solution was a changing of the guard in South Africa and new leaders working together to have apartheid abolished. The issues he south to solve were first and foremost the apartheid issues of the segregation of white and non-whites, secondly the dream of peace between the same white and non-white culture in South Arica (â€Å"Promote Tolerance†, 2013). The next critical thinker I want to look at is Malcolm Little aka Malcolm X. He was born on May 19, 1925 in Omaha Nebraska with a family that consisted of seven brothers and sisters and a father that was an outspoken Baptist minister. His father was a supporter of a Black Nationalist leader and they had to move several times due to death threats from the white supremacist organization. Years later their Michigan home as burned down and two years after that his father was found dead on a set a railroad tracks, thought to be done by the white supremacist group. He was later arrested for burglary charges and while in prison continued his education. His brother Reginald visited while in prison and would discuss the religion of Muslim which Reginald belonged to the organization the Nation of Islam. When released from prison in 1952 Malcolm was a devout follower and decided to lose the last name Little as it was a slave name and went with X. Due to some belief issue with one of the leaders Malcolm decided to start his own religious organization called Muslim Mosque, Inc. He fought for human rights and equality in as many ways as he could, and was killed in 1965 by three ex Nation of Islam supporters (â€Å"Malcolm X†, 2013). The most important contribution to society by Malcolm X was the awareness of human and civil rights and equality for blacks. He suggested that everyone has rights and must fight for them and offered an alternative view to the mainstream idea in civil rights movement (Mckinney, 2013). In the time that Malcolm grew up in and was active in his fight was a time of unrest for blacks and whites. The environment was at most times hostile and unfriendly to outspoken blacks. The problems he sought to solve were mostly inequalities and mistreatment to blacks or someone of the Muslim faith. The solutions he provided were a little extreme in that he said blacks needed to fight for justice and equalities, which in theory is great, but being Malcolm was an extremist more times than not it led to violence. Looking at the creative process and comparison of the two people, both Nelson Mandela and Malcolm X were great thinkers and thought ahead as to what they wanted to accomplish. They both used different form of outlets to get their messages across and worked with leaders to accomplish what they wanted to do. To critique their ideas and look at what they could have done differently is interesting. For Nelson Mandela he was in an area where it was run by whites and it was difficult to get his message across to the people. While in prison he gained extra knowledge by educating himself more and used his knowledge to work with white leaders to further his mission. Nelson did not use violence or anger to further his cause which was a great stance for him to take. For Malcolm X on the other hand there are several things that I feel he could have done in his journey. To each his own on their religious beliefs, but being that his messages came across as angry and in a subliminal way condoned violence to get what you want is not the best way to get your message out there. In the days when Malcolm was active it was still a segregated population and the supremacy groups were very much at the forefront in those times. By Malcolm disassociating himself with the Nation of Islam, I feel was a bad move and he should have fought to get the leader out for his discretions to where it would have shown that he truly cared about the group and their message. Bu getting out and starting his own group it made the leader and his followers lash out and kill him. Both Nelson Mandela and Malcolm X were great thinkers and had wonderful ideas for the rights and equalities of their people. They just decided to handle them in different ways, both were right in their thinking, they just handled them in different ways. In the end both made a difference to elevate the awareness and further the abolishing of apartheid and segregation of blacks in both Africa and the United States. References Biography.com.  (2013).  Retrieved from http://www.biography.com/people/nelson-mandela-9397017?page=1 Malcolm X.  (2013).  Retrieved from http://www.malcolmx.com/about/bio3.html Promote Tolerance.  (2013).  Retrieved from http://library.thinkquest.org/07aug/00117/mandela.html Mckinney, S. L.  (2013).  About.com Malcolm X.  Retrieved from http://history1900s.about.com/od/people/a/Malcolm-X.htm    Famous Thinkers We shall overcome, we shall overcome, we shall overcome someday, deep in my heart, I do believe, we shall overcome someday. These legendary words have been the foundation for people of color since the long nights of captivity, slavery. Several prominent activists have made immense strides in making those words a reality. Such individuals like James H. Cone and the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. James H. Cone, an advocate affectionately known for black liberation theology, a theology grounded in the experience of African Americans, and related to other Christian liberation theologies.James H. Cone approach provided a realistic snap shot of a new way to articulate the distinctiveness of theology in the Black Church. Frustrated and outraged at the White Church of playing a significant role in the oppression and racism of black people. Cone believed that the Black Church is a powerful force [in his life] and did not do enough in regard to racism among African Americans. Cone exploit ed scriptures, slave spirituals, blues, and other prominent African American thinkers such as David Walker, Henry McNeal Turner, and W. E. B. DuBois to help shape his theology.Malcolm X and the Black Power Movement and Dr. Martin Luther King also influenced his theology. Cone formulates a theology of liberation from within the context of the Black experience of oppression, interpreting the central kernel of the Gospels as Jesus' identification with the poor, oppressed, and the resurrection as the ultimate act of liberation. This theology cited as attempts to understand the meaning of faith, the meaning of God, in a world that is broken. Cone devoted his professional life to the study of religion from an African perspective.This groundbreaking influential work links the study of Jesus Christ life with the African American experience. Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. a Baptist minister, companion, father, civil rights activist, and intellectual Dr. King was about nonviolence and eq ual justice for all. Dr. King was a prophetic and dynamic individual who knew that people of color suffered from discrimination including racial segregation and freedom and became proactive to promote equality throughout the United States. Dr. King’s strategy was to promote nonviolence in regard to the injustice minorities were undergoing.Dr. King used his proficient writing and speaking abilities to divulge the hardships people of color faced during these perilous times. Dr. King also spearheaded several protest and movements to address the outrageous treatment of colored people. Dr. King exploited prominent black activist and minority leaders and supporters to help deliver his message. This approach designed to gain media coverage with the hope that viewers will feel sympathy. Dr. King’s contributions consist of the right to vote, desegregation of public places and schools, labor rights, and other basic rights. Through Dr.King’s perseverance The Civil Rights A ct of 1964, The Voting Rights Act of 1965, and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference was established. Conclusion ‘Tis so sweet to trust in Jesus, and to take him at his word, and just to rest upon his promises, and know, thus say the lord. Jesus, Jesus, how I trust him, how I’ve proved him o’er and o’er Jesus, Jesus, precious Jesus! O for grace to trust him more (Louisa M. R. Stead, 1882). These lyrics speak volume to the daily struggles of these highly influential men whose main objective was to establish peace and goodwill for all mankind.These intellectual individuals reluctantly drafted by a higher power to uncover the silence of racism and oppression among African Americans. During these taxing times certain individuals surely took refuge in their stereotypes, but unfortunately could not hide their long. Racism asks one thing of those it attacks are they human? We are human and do not deserve cruelty, meanness, or treated as outcasts each is ex actly what God created a person. A person, not evil deserving to be judged, not victims longing for pity, but people ready for support and worthy of compassion. James H.Cone, a black theologian of liberation who like all other black theologians was seeking freedom and justice. Cone has a strong condemnation toward racism and oppression of black people, especially within the black church. He strongly believed that religion is the solution to any problem. Dutifully, Cone turned to scriptures as the sanction for his demands, not allowing anyone or anything to separate him from the love of God. James H. Cone main objective was to resurrect himself and his people from the ashes of racism by using the foundation of the Black Church [scriptures] and confronting adversity.Dr. King tussled with the cares of life looking for solutions, concern for his family, and stood up for righteousness, justice, and truth. Dr. King knew what he was up against was daunting and knew enough to call on the na me of Jesus. Dr. King believed in the power of prayer even through the countless number of threats he received and even arrested he stood unyielding for what is right, justice. Dr. King refused to sink in the quicksands of racism and abhorrence. Dr. King realized that he had to alter the mindset of society if change was to come.These two famous thinkers were mindful of the test and misery they would face. Their work addresses the advancement for minority people with the hope and promise to expunge racism among all people. During these historical moments one could only imagine that the most important audience in their lives was family. One could imagine the mental anguish Dr. King experienced wondering if his children will become orphans will his wife be a widow will his community be without a leader, and a nation in dismay.James Cone challenged the theology in place during his quest by educating himself as it related to change and ownership. His prophetic approach leaves a plethora of accomplishments. Dr. King’s resume of hardships and accomplishments help shape the world today such an eloquent individual who knew how to turn a negative situation into a positive one by not perishing in silence. Dr. King envisioned a better tomorrow for little Black boys and girls who one day would hold hands with little White boys and girls in unity and sit at the table of brotherhood.This vision ordained by his faith, Dr. King knew he had to police himself to tolerate the burdens of others. Arrested in protest of the Birmingham Bus Boycott he wrote a letter entitled what is a man? This insightful letter revealed the components of a man. A man is a biological man with a physical body who is also a child of God. A man is a spirit with a mind, and can reason and man is God’s marvelous creation made in his image. Finally, man is a sinner and faced with the woes of the world and entitled to forgiveness for his sins upon repentance.This passage of understanding suppor ted and validated that all men created are equal, therefore should have the same rights and privileges regardless of the color of their skin. Dr. King received a letter from a ninth grade student from White Plans High School. This letter written by a White female who expressed her concern for his misfortune and suffering the letter titled if you had sneezed. Dr. King embraced her words of compassion, support, and empathy and used the title as one of his many legendary speeches.If he had sneezed, death would have become him, the animosity and cruelty he faced is unsettling. Dr. King was aware of the position he was in and had to condition himself to arrest his mind and hold his tongue hostage. Dr. King’s legendary I have a dream speech painted the true reality of African Americans during the 1960s. This obnoxious picture was a demonstration of freedom and justice for all removing the chains of discrimination and poverty for black people from the long nights of captivity [slave ry] to the broken promise made through the Declaration of Independence [freedom]. Dr.King referenced these issues to a bad check [insufficient funds] that the Bank of Justice [the vaults of opportunity] was erroneous to people of color. The urgency to have sufficient funds [justice] for all God’s children was critical. This malleable and timeless speech has empowered the parochial of society slavishly to let freedom ring. Critically speaking, we cannot walk alone, and as we walk we cannot walk in silence. This journey of devastation and misfortune based upon the racial and economic oppression of people of color and minorities was the foundation for their crusade for justice.These architects of the civil rights movement had to face the cold winds of rejection and the harsh reality of racism. James H. Cone emotionally bruised but not broken, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. began with the dream and faced his nightmares. These patriarchs of the civil rights movement had to face their today to embrace their tomorrow, they had to replace judgment with affection, in intricate moments raise their spirits and call upon the lord. James Cone used the cornerstone of people of color during those perilous times, religion to ordain his efforts.Cone should have incorporated two words consideration and understanding. Consideration and understanding of the views of others, religion is such a vital and critical component of the Black culture. Dr. King’s approach leaves little space for improvement, but he could have incorporated the visibility of youth the next generation. This approach would have placed a face to the epidemic that he was fighting to cure. Today as we continue to struggle with acism, hate, crime, disease, discrimination, unplanned pregnancy, stigma, religious antics, mothers against daughters, and fathers against sons we must pledge ourselves to be self evident and remove the veil of our silence. In 2011, one could only image Dr. King’s views of today, specifically people of color as it relates to the adversity he endured for civil rights and justice. Nevertheless, the human race will be forever grateful for two iconic martyrs of all-time James H. Cone and the Reverend Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. not victims, but messengers for mankind.