The Music Of Hip Hop Essay - 1373 Words

Since the birth of Hip Hop in the 70s, controversial topics have always been one the forefront of discussion. Media sources, like The Source, founded in 1988, have been a platform to broadcast the triumphs and disasters that face the hip hop community has faced. In addition to displaying media, they have made a platform where they also broadcast some of the letters that their audience wrote back about their content in a section titled â€Å"Letters.† With each decade since having its own set of issues, the 90s was a time where the aftermath of black power movement, crack era, and other major movements in the black community took place, fostering a variety of hip hop styles that resonated with many walks of life. Throughout this decade, especially in 1995, there are prominent examples in The Source of commercialization, regional feuds, controversy, consciousness, and how women were viewed and valued at this time as well. Hip Hop was introduced to commercialization when The Suga rhill Gang released Rapper’s Delight in 1979. Since then, rap has taken off and been commercialized for its sound, people, style, and message. â€Å"Shortly after its release, the song sold fifty thousands copies a day, eventually going double platinum, reaching number four on Billboard’s pop singles chart and number forty-six on RB chart† (Reeves,2008). Their success was international and lead to rap becoming mainstream and the spread of hip hop from coast to coast. Once hip hop gained a larger audience andShow MoreRelatedThe Music Of The Hip Hop1673 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of incontestable urban-playboy brag ging. â€Å"Rapper’s Delight† was not the first single but, it is generally considered to be the song that made hip hop in the United States popularRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop1214 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop is a very broad subculture due to the fact that it is comprised of so many other subcultures. The four main factions of Hip hop are MCing(master of ceremonies) better identified today as rapping, DJing (disk jockey), breakdancing and Graffiti. Break dancing is known as â€Å" the physical manifestation of the hip hop style†(Rose 47). The Hip hop subculture has a long lineage and the four main factions where all foraged together in the same place at the same time. Even though the culture at theRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1550 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"I said the hip hop, Hippie to the hippie, the hip, hip hop, and you don’t stop, a rock it to the bang, bang boogie, say you jump the boogie, to the rhythm of the boogie, the beat.† â⠂¬Å"Rapper’s Delight† is a song recorded in 1979 by American hip hop trio The Sugarhill Gang. It was the original 12-inch single was 15 minutes of undeniable urban-playboy bragging. While it was not the first single to feature rapping, it is generally considered to be the song that first popularized hip hop in the UnitedRead MoreThe Music Of The Hip Hop1412 Words   |  6 PagesThe Hip Hop is basically a cultural movement that originated in the Suburbs of cities. It was began to evolve in 1970 and in particular by the Americans who of African descent (American Africans) . Rap is a type of singing. It combines the performance of different rap utter words without committing to a particular tune, and rhythm. Rap began in Kingston, Jamaica City at the end of the sixties as a kind new musical was derived from dancehall. It has spread in the United States at the beginning ofRead MoreHip Of Hip Hop Music1128 Words   |  5 Pages Hip Hops Redemption Hip hop music is described as, â€Å"a subculture especially of inner-city youths who are typically devotees of rap music†. (Merriam.com) Hip hop music is one of the most listened to genres in history. Hip-hop music started in the mid 1970’s, but some say that it started much earlier. Many people today would argue that Hip Hop is disgraceful now a days, and that it has no positive message given. Me personally, I would agree since the days have changed overRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop1116 Words   |  5 Pageschanged the face of music. Artists like Michael Jackson, Frank Sinatra, Madonna and many more that has changed and established cultures of different genres. However the artists that I feel has changed the culture of hip-hop genre are still in control of it still today. The artists are Jay-Z, Nas, and Kanye West, some of the greatest of all time. To me they remind of Kobe Bryant, Tim Duncan, and Paul Pierce because they’re some of the greatest that are stil l relevant in today’s hip-hop game. All of themRead MoreThe Music Of Hip Hop Essay1420 Words   |  6 PagesThroughout the ages, genres such as Rock and Roll, Pop, RB, and Funk ruled the music spectrum. Before the flow of an emcee rocked the crowd with his/her rhythmic flow, a significant day in music history would soon influence the music industry, cultures, fashion, and make this new genre into a global phenomenon. This significant day was marked on August 13, 1973, or also known as the birthday of Hip-Hop. While Hip-Hop can be commonly be associated with being an emcee/rapper, the art of emceeing didn’tRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music1144 Words   |  5 PagesHip hop music has delivered messages of freedom of expression, unity, peace, and protest against social injustices, for the past 30 years. But exactly when and where did it begin, and what impact has it had on our society? The hip hop beats created by DJs in the 70s actually sparked what is now known as h ip hop culture. Hip hop culture originally included rapping, break dancing, graffiti, beat boxing, and looping and scratching, and has now includes urban clothing and cars, speech patterns and slangRead MoreHip Hop And Hip Rap Music2527 Words   |  11 Pagesstudy of hip hop music has been cited well throughout its growth over time. The purpose of this paper is intended to discuss hip hop culture and address cultural stereotypes associated with rap and hip-hop music, but also how its original lyrical intentions were forms of expression and art. It will begin by guiding the reader through how it originated, its influence with the African-Americans with its subculture and popularity in urban areas, its styles of evolving, the introduction of hip hop and rapRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1699 Words   |  7 PagesHip-hop is a cultured style that started in the 1970’s. Majority of different funk groups began playing disco music at that time it was popular. During this time funk music was technology driven more electronic sounds were being used on the drum machines. Funk was the new dance in the early 70’s. This particular style of singing in which was being used is called rapping, this begun in African American, Urban Areas, Jamaican American, Latino American and many others cities of the United States. The

The Scientific Method Of Psychology - 1394 Words

Unit 1 – Intro and Research Methods 1. Empiricism states that knowledge can only be derived from the senses. Every science utilizes the empirical approach, which has developed into the utilization of the scientific method to gain knowledge. (McLeod, 2008) Since psychology depends on the scientific method to attain knowledge, psychology can conclusively be considered a science. Besides empirical evidence, some other key traits of a science are the following: objectivity, control, predictability, hypothesis testing, and replication. (McLeod, 2008) Psychology ensures objectivity via single-, double-, and triple-blind experiments. Causation can only be confirmed in psychology through an experiment where all variables (besides the independent†¦show more content†¦Humanism was developed in response to the pessimism of psychoanalysis and behaviorism. Humanists believe that all humans have free will and the ability to reach self-actualization (Cherry, n.d.). Out of all three of the early psychological schools, humanis m is the most optimistic. 3. The three psychological perspectives that we will be focusing on for the IB Exam are biological, cognitive, and sociocultural. These three different perspectives would analyze a behavior, such as being afraid of heights, in three different ways. A psychologist who subscribes to the biological perspective might say that a person is afraid of heights due to abnormalities in the anterior insular cortex. A psychologist who subscribes to the cognitive perspective may say that a person is afraid of heights because he or she associates heights with danger in his or her thoughts. A psychologist who subscribes to the sociocultural perspective may say that a person is afraid of heights because their friends and family are afraid of heights, so they learn to be afraid of heights as well. 4. Four types of research studies that psychologists may conduct are case studies, observational studies, tests, and surveys. A case study is when one individual is carefully observed and test. The information derived from the observations and tests are used to formulate a detailed description of the individual. The major advantage

Database Environment Free Essays

Database Environment Paper DBM-380 November 18, 2012 Introduction A database defines a structure for storing information and it collects information that is organized in such a way that a computer program can quickly select desired pieces of data. A database can also be thought of as an  electronic filing  system. Data and information are extracted from a database by creating a query and then submitting it to the query database management system (DBMS) and it is posed in a language that only the DBMS can understand. We will write a custom essay sample on Database Environment or any similar topic only for you Order Now The query can be in the form of a question or just a keyword and once these queries run against the database, it will find a matching record (Reynolds, 2004) . Database Decisions When building a system for information, you have to decide how much responsibility for data management your software will take. A database can be rather large or it can be small depending on the information that is being stored. Request for information from a database are made in the form of a query or a question asking the database for particular information. All database  management systems  are not the same from a technical standpoint. They differ mostly in the way they organize their information internally. The internal organization can then determine how quickly and supplely the information can be extracted (Jupitermedia, 2011) . Analyzing the use of databases Analyzing the use of databases In the Client Fulfillment department at Tactical Training Group Pacific’s, there are two databases that are mainly used and those are the Command Active directory and the Military Civilian SME (MCSME). These databases are very vital to this department because they help with the daily production goals. With the use of the command directory, it is helpful in finding different associates throughout the organization as well as finding certain departments, phone numbers, mail codes, locations of command training centers, and Watch Station machines. When creating a  new account  for a client or associate they must state whether they are an existing client or that they are an associate the command directory is accessed to verify this information in order for them to receive the benefits as an associate. Another advantage of the command directory is helping to find other department phone numbers or Watch Station locations. With the command directory database you select the field that you are searching for like associate search, location, telephone number, Watch Station and then you enter your query not in the form of a question but a certain query language that is understood by this database to extract this information. This database relies on the Microsoft SQL server. Another database that is used command is the Military Civilian Subject Matter Experts (MCSME). This database is used to help associates across all lines of business to do their job effectively. MCSME contains processes and procedures for each department to abide by so if you are not sure on how to complete a customer request or the correct information to give to a customer it can all be found on MCSME. MCSME works on structured query language or SQL that it is usually asked a stylized question in order to execute and answer. This is a very large database because it contains so many work procedures and specialists that are very important for each and every department at TTGP Command. Data specifications For TTGP it is important to remember that we have three types of people in our database Command Staff, Clients and Subject Matter Experts(SME) for training area’s and certifications. The Following entities and attributes will apply relationally to all three areas 1. Command Staff: * Name * Address * Phone number * Department Name * Supervisor . Client/Customer: * Name * Address * Phone number * Company Name * Company POC/Supervisor 3. Subject Matter Expert(SME) * SME Name * Company Name * Certifications (Separated By Commas) * Special Training * Cost for Services The requirement for this Database is to ensure a check is made relationally for either name or skills to ensure duel entities aren’t entered. This DB is high usage throughout the day and has to backup and saved daily so that repairsà ¢â‚¬â„¢ upkeep and maintenance can be done by the night IT crew. Database Management/Upkeep Both of these databases, the Command Directory and MCSME have to be managed and regular maintenance has to be done in order to keep the information up to date. There are so many changes for associate / employee information if they leave the company or switch department or even if a department is no longer functioning all of this information has to be current. With MCSME, there are so many changes to job procedures qualifications Etc†¦ very day in order to minimize fraud or if new products are on the market and other ones are no longer being offered, MCSME sends an alert immediately so if it affects your part of production, you will have to read it right away and make all necessary changes on how your work is done so the administration of both databases are important in order to take full advantage of the output to the relevant query. Proposing Improvements Improvements that can be done in order to maximize results for both of these atabases are to make them more client friendly. The Command directory could contain less fields in order to search for results since the 411information page search and the location search is going to give you the same results and if you are not sure or the correct spelling of an member of staff’s name, the â€Å"sounds like† field is not very helpful because it will come back with too many results and you still have to keep looking. MCSME can definitely be made more user friendly. This is the most confusing database because if you don’t have the proper training it will take hours just to look up simple information. MCSME needs to be reduced in search / query size in order to maximize retrieval results faster. Conclusion Because this 3 entity with attributes relational Database has such a high operational Tempo we need to ensure that only the critical attributes fields are used. This will help in not only over all DB performance but help with query retrieval speed as well. Keeping the relational processing required down to a minimum is imperative. Constant upgrades, maintenance along with security patches are done and need to remain transparent to the user. This database is akin to the lungs that breathe life into our command. References Jupitermedia. (2011, Spring). Internal Database Organization. Retrieved from http://jupitermedia. org/DBorg Reynolds, J. N. (2004). Database Structures. PC Magizine, 10(7), 123. How to cite Database Environment, Essay examples

Organizational Recruitment Activities and Applicants †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Recruitment Activities and Applicants. Answer: Introduction In a systematic study, MeisteR (2014) denotes that one of the primary responsibilities of the human resource manager of the hospitality industry is to conduct the recruitment process of applicants to the industry, an aspect that is always the initial step in the appointment. It involves the attraction, selection, and the appointment of the appropriate candidates for the available job in the industry. It is not only the human resource managers that perform the task of recruitment but also the managers in the industry as well as the recruitment specialists with the help of social media platforms that make the whole process of selection and recruitment very effective (Sulich Adam, 2016). The main purpose of the study was to evaluate the recruitment process involved in the hospitality industry focusing on the challenges that are encountered in the process and how to counteract them by devising some strategies. This paper hence adopts qualitative method of study in analyzing various publ ications in regard to recruitment process within the hospitality industry. This paper reveals that the industry should develop the appropriate recruitment skills that assist the industry in obtaining and retaining the quality of the industry to the employees. The approaches that were employed in the recruitment process include the internal recruitment approach that involves choosing employees from the workforce that is already in place as reported by Dan (2012) and mobile recruitment that employs the use of technology to attract potential candidates to present their applications (Chan Kuok, 2011). Tourism and the hospitality industry have gained rigorous attention from the academia, business tycoons, as well as the economic analysts because of its rapid growth in the countrys GDP according to (Uddinet al., 2008). The travel and the tourism-related activities account for more that 230 million jobs, and this is an importance of hospitality industry employment in developing and developed countries (Sulich, 2016). Hospitality and tourism industry is a service-oriented sector that requires efficient workforce to give the best of the services to the visiting guests. Professionalism is a key factor for the attainment of best results. Hudaet al. (2012) state that professional identity and the level of social esteem of the career in hospitality is very low in the society today and the perception that most people have is that the tourism sector is left to the tourist guides and the cooks. As a result of this, the recruitment of some new workforce into the industry is faced with a lot of challenges (Rahaman, 2013). Recruitment in the Hospitality Industry The process of recruitment is not that easy task that the human resource manager just wakes up and decides to conduct. Instead, it should be well-planned and should follow several stages that makes the process much simpler (Sulich, 2016), and the candidates have different reactions at each stage according to (Susan Thomas, 2006) and these stages include; Looking out for sources where the required candidates will be found for recruitment. The institutions giving instructions in the area of business administration is the best source in this case Developing the methods through which the appropriate candidates will be attracted and the reputation of the organization in the hospitality industry in the market is one factor that attracts candidates. In such cases, the publicity of the organization is often considered an added advantage to the professional employers (Taylor Thomas, 2006). Employing the best techniques for the attraction of the candidates like the fiving an offer of a good salary scale, appropriate facilities that enhance the development of an individual. Stimulation of the eligible candidates to apply for the available vacancy as many as possible and this helps the human resource managers in the hospitality industry to select the best candidate from the long list of the applicants (Sow Oi, 2011). Factors that influence the recruitment process in the hospitality industry Any industry is it big or small need to be involving themselves in the recruitment of some workforce into the industry; and the hospitality industry is not left out. Some factors influence the whole process includes the labor demand and supply in the industry. The number of candidates that were recruited into the hospitality industry was largely dependent on the size of the industry. Unlike the small industry, a big industry will need some good human resources hence a good number of persons employed in the process because they have a high demand of workforce to the industry. Therefore the size of the industry plays a critical role in the recruitment process. Employment conditions- A countrys economy affects the employment conditions. This is because in a country that is underdeveloped, employment conditions, especially in the hospitality sector, are very low and therefore the industry might fail to get the suitable candidate for employment because the educational level is very low hence the absence of the qualified personnel for the job available. In a developed country, qualified persons are easily available, and selection will be very easy hence the recruitment process as well. Structure of the salary and the working conditions in the industry-The salary that is offered to the employees by the hospitality industry determines the how people will react towards the opportunity available and the interest that will be developed. In the event where the salary rate is high, the recruitment process will not be difficult because so many candidates will be interested in applying, and the human resource managers will only be tasked with the selection from the list available. Employees do show some sense of satisfaction when the industry provides them with proper working conditions, for instance, proper sanitation, ventilation, lighting, just to mention but a few. This will help the industry to retain their quality employees, but if they are unsatisfied and decide to leave their job, it becomes difficult for the industry to recruit new employees. The growth rate of the industry: As we all know, hospitality industry reports tremendous growth all year round, and therefore the need to recruit more suitable candidates so that workforce in the industry balances with its growth without reporting some deficit. It is always frustrating when the industry grows, but the workforce remains in its limited state. The final result is poor the output of the services to the potential customers. The demographic concerns: As years pass by, the employees that started working in their youthful stage also does grow older, and as we know, the strength and workforce of an individual diminish with their aging. This is another factor that will make the human resource managers start the recruitment process because the hospitality industries do require vibrant candidates because of the nature of the industry. Generational changes need also change in the employment sector in that in this generation; it is rare to find an older adult working in a restaurant, motel, among others because they might fail to understand the tastes, interests and the preferences of the guests (Mohammed Kuan, 2014). Some of the industries identify the requirement for diversity in hiring the suitable candidates so that they can effectively compete successfully in the world market performance. Challenges faced during recruitment in the hospitality sector The main challenges facing the recruitment process in HRM departments are common as they end up mixing the recruitment sources as they search for the potential and suitable candidates for different positions in the industry. According to Rahaman (2013), some of these challenges include; Failure to select the best platform for the advertisement of the positions, for instance, the social media platforms Lack of the sufficient and appropriate budget to conduct the recruitment Lack of competent HR practice in the organization To ensure effective performance, the health industry needs to adopt a number of strategies that focuses towards meeting the goals and objectives of every organization. These include; Positioning of the company- The hospitality industry human resource managers should conduct regular job evaluations to ensure they are updated and remain competitive in the market. They can come up with programs where they will advertise the organization in the market so that many potential employees may be attracted to the industry. Employer branding: The employer branding implies the reputation of the organization according to (Barrow and Mosley, 2011). The organization image is a clear evidence of the employer branding. It shows that the organization is the best place that an individual can work in comfortably (Minchington, 2005). Despite the fact that the employer branding seems to be specific to the human resource department, it goes beyond that and covers a vast region including the employees in the industry. Promotion of the employee retention programs- Retention programs serve as a basis for the stimulation of the potential candidate because having your employees retained for a long time implies that they are satisfied. The industry may advance to the introduction of ample security and some financial benefit programs in addition to short-term benefits like bonuses and free transportation. Adopting a prompting application process: The application process should be fast, flexible, and adaptive to allow effective identification of qualified applicants as pointed out by Dan (2012). It can hence be approached easily so that applicants do not follow the long procedure of application. Social and professional networks should be implemented in the application process to allow the candidates with good social networking should be considered because they can be easily found. The industry should prioritize on the recruitment process: Every organization within the hospitality industry should motivate their existing employees because they serve as a great source of potential candidates for employment according to Barrow and Mosley (2011). For instance, it is the employees of the organization that will advertise the consent of employment to other job seekers. When they are treated with respect, they will be a source of productive employees to the industry. Creating a recruitment system: Recruitment system transforms the inputs into effective outputs. It hence brings about efficiency and the effectiveness of the organization to attain a successful recruitment process. Conclusion Among all the known functions of the HRM, recruitment is a key defining factor that helps in the determination of the good practice of the organization in the market because it is the responsibility of the HRM to promote and advocate for the organization. Recruitment process that is effective minimizes the cost, checks out for quality incumbents as well as saving on time. The attributes of the job play a critical role in the reaction of the applicants at every stage of the recruitment process during their assessment hence need for the HRM to ensure that the organization has a good image. The major challenge faced in the recruitment is the attraction of the potential candidates with talent and training them after that have been successful through the selection process, and this needs to be looked into it closely because it requires much patience. The recruitment policies of the organization should be well developed and planned in order to make the hospitality industry very attractive in the existing labor market, and this will facilitate the search and stimulation roles in the recruitment process. The hospitality industry should practice timely recruitment process to develop positive stimuli for the workforce of the future. References Barrow, S. Mosley, R. (2011).The employer brand: Bringing the best of brandmanagement to people at work. John Wiley Sons. Chan, S. H., Kuok, O. M. (2011). A study of human resources recruitment, selection, and retention issues in the hospitality and tourism industry in Macau. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality Tourism, 10(4), 421-441. Dan, S. (2012). The Power Within: Why Internal Recruiting Hiring Are on the Rise". Time.Retrieved 28 October 2013. Huda, K., Haque, A., Jahan, I. (2012). Importance of Tourism Education in Bangladesh: A diagnostic appraisal, International Academic Research Journal of Business and Management, 1(2), 5. Meister, J. (2014). 2014, The Year Social HR Matters". Forbes. Retrieved January 9, 2014. Minchington, B. (2010). Employer Brand Leadership A Global Perspective, Collective Learning Australia. International Journal of Management. 12(4), pp.672-674. Mohammad, H Kuan, Y. (2010). Making the Recruitment Decision for Fresh University Graduates: A Study of Employment in an Industrial Organisation, International Journal of Management and Decision Making, vol. 13 no. 4, pp. 380-402, 2014. DOI: Rahaman, A. (2013). Seminar on Practices Challenges of Project Management inBangladesh, with a special reference to Hospitality Industries, paper presented at Southern University Bangladesh. Journal of Hospitality review 7(4), pp.62-74. .Sow, H Oi, M. (2011). A study on human resource recruitment, selection, and retention issues in the hospitality and tourism industry in Macau. International Business Review, 13(8), pp.672-674. https://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15332845.2011.588579 Sulich, A. (2016). Mathematical models and non-mathematical methods in recruitment and selection processes". Reviewed papers form 17th international conference. Mekon 2015.1. ISBN978-80-248-3684-3 Taylor, S Thomas, J (2006). Organizational recruitment activities and applicants reactions at different stages of the recruitment process.DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1987.tb00604.x Uddin, M., Das, A., Jerru, L., Rahman, M. (2008). Promoting Tourism Industry: A BangladeshPerspective, The Chittagong University Journal of Business Administration, 23,247-265. International Studies Review, 12(4), pp.672-674.

The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society Essay Example

The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society Paper Another example of how the themes of The Crucible relate to modern affairs is what has happened in Kosovo in the past few years. The Serbian leader Slobodan Milosevic. He had Albanians in Kosovo sent out of the country or killed. This is called ethnic cleansing. As the Albanians were the odd one out they were hunted down and killed. This is another example of how three hundred years on we have evolved very little when it comes to looking at peoples differences. The events of The Crucible do not just have themes that relate to worldwide affairs, they also have a meaning for things happening in the local area. For instance when something is stolen from someone everyone jumps to conclusions and looks for the odd person out and then assumes its them. Then the person is under some much pressure and just cant take it any more and confess. This is true in the Crucible when John goes to Danforth and tells him why Abagail is calling Witchcraft on his wife. He tells the court that he and Abagail had an affair saying, I have known her. Unfortunately Johns wife lies thinking she is protecting John by saying this is not true when asked by Danforth To your Knowledge, has John Proctor ever committed the crime of Lechery? We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Crucibles Relevance to todays Society specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Answer my question! Is your husband a lecher? To which Elizabeth Proctor replies No sir. Then after Mary turns on him and under the pressure he says he says, God is dead which for a puritan society is admitting to witchcraft. The play is so well known that quotes from it are used in TV shows. For instance when there is a witch-hunt for a leek in The West Wing one of the interviewees says (jokingly) I saw Elizabeth Proctor with the devil. So even though The Crucible is about 50 years old quotes are still used from it. It is quite easy to see why the play is in production every week somewhere in the world. Even though Arthur Miller has set the play more than 300 years ago the themes are still relevant today, as I have shown. Even in our supposedly civilised society when someone2 commits a crime we jump through hoops trying to pin the blame on someone else and we are not to picky on who. This I have demonstrated in talking about recent events in America. So are we really all that civilised when we still look for the odd one out and put the blame on them like we did three hundred years ago?

International marketing Essay

International marketing Essay International marketing Essay Abstract What is Developing Country, it will be good to give you an idea in what it is: A country having a standard of living or level of industrial production well below that possible with financial or technical aid; a country that is not yet highly industrialized. It is a poor country that is trying to develop its resources by industrialization. Imports and Exports are two opposite methods of international trading. An Import is described in trade as being ‘a service or goods brought into a country from abroad for sale or trade’. An Export is described as being ‘a service or goods produced in one country that are sent to another for sale or trade’. Kenya is located in Africa, on the East; just below the "horn" that is Somalia. It's bordered by the Indian Ocean on the South East, Tanzania on the South, Uganda on the West, Sudan on the North West, Ethiopia on the North and Somalia on the North East. In Kenya is the second highest mountain in Africa after the Kilimanjaro. The product that I choose to market in Kenya is the cotton, Kenya has the most labor for textile factory, and they import 30,000 containers of clothes annually, so I think will be a good product to market, because that is the most income that Kenya have, beside the labor are not to expenses and that will help their own business man in Kenya. Kenya is sovereign republic. At independence the government was modeled around the U.S Presidency and British Legislature but later, other amendments were introduced to the structure and nature of the government. With the new constitution the Kenya government structure will change fundamentally. Kenya will adopt a fully presidential system of government, with county government, county assemblies, governors and senators. The Executive and the Legislature will be delinked, unlike in the past where Cabinet ministers were drawn from Parliament. In Kenya, the powers of government are traditionally divided into three main organs the Executive, the Legislature and the Judiciary. The separation of powers here makes the judiciary more independent however, the legislature, which makes the laws, contains members of the executive (President and the Cabinet Ministers) who are responsible for carrying out the laws. The Kenya Revenue Authority was established in 1995 by an Act of Parliament, under Cap 469 of the Laws of Kenya. The Authority has the responsibility of assessing, collecting and accounting for the taxes. It collects revenue and administers the revenue Acts for the purpose of facilitating trade. The Authority collects four main taxes: Customs and Excise, Income Tax, Value Added Tax (VAT) and motor vehicle road licenses and driving licenses. It may collect any other tax assigned it by the government. The Authority is headed by a Commissioner General. There is a board of directors headed by a chairman. There are three Revenue Commissioners, the Register of Motor Vehicles and heads of various service departments. The KRA has introduced remarkable efficiency and professionalism in tax administration and operations. In the period of about eight years it has been in existence, its impact is clearly felt in the society. The headquarters, revenue and support departments are all housed at Times Tower building in Nairobi. Taxes collected in Kenya are: 1. Import duty 2. Excise duty 3. Income Tax 4. Value Added Tax (VAT) 5. Registration and transfer fee of motor vehicles and road and driving licenses. Other government revenues collected by the authority on agency basis include: 1. Petroleum Development Fund 2. Import Declaration and Fund (IDF) 3. Foreign Motor Vehicle Inspection Fee 4. Road Maintenance Levy 5. Road Transit Toll Levy 6. Aviation Revenue 7. Revenue Stamps 8. Kenya Bureau of Standards (KEBS) Levy 9. Widows, Children and Parliamentary Pension Fund, Betting Tax 10. Gaming (casino) Tax. Income Tax in Kenya income tax is almost as old as the customs duty in Kenya. Both taxes were International Marketing Essay International Marketing Essay I- INTRODUCTION: This report will help us understand four main different points between the Saudi Arabia and New Zealanders in term of culture. They have the differences between gender, and social position attitude. Each country still have different opinion about working together and do it yourself. Moreover, the upgrading their social position is hard in Saudi Arabia. The final point in the first cultural difference part will mention about the vital element that make them become unique compare with others. There is religion. And the final part of this report, some recommendation about how Australian firms should do advertising effectively in Saudi Arabia will be make. II- CULTURAL DIFFERENCES: Generally, Saudi Arabia and New Zealand can be represented for two big cultural clusters. The former can be seen as Arab culture, and over millions of people in this culture are influenced by religion, especially Islam. The latter represents for the Anglo culture that we often call Western culture in general. Therefore, they have many significant differences in their religion, decision making style, organizational structure, norms as well as special rituals. Thus, using some studies of Hofstede and Trompenaars will help to measure the cultural differences on a global basis. 2.1 Power distance: The power distance shows the degree to which the level of acceptance by a society of the unequal distribution of powering in institution. According to the chart on an Appendix A, the Saudi Arabia (95) is higher than New Zealand (22) considerably in term of Power Distance dimension. It points out that there is a gap in gender as well as the social position in this country. The men have more power for making decision in the family. The women in this culture have â€Å"no voice†, and they must follow the men’s command. In business, the organizational structure is centralized. The leaders are often man, and there is unfair in working between men and women. That is a reason why the business environment in Saudi Arabia is stressful, and the law system is extremely strict. For example, if a Saudi Arabian woman hug, shake hand or greet with the person who do not know. They will be treated by the Islamic laws. However, the men have a right to shakes hands or kiss on each cheer o f their friends as greeting. By contrast, New Zealanders consider as friendly people. They are easy to say â€Å"hello† to strangers and willing to assist someone without being asking. Moreover, they have a free thought in greeting, and gender as well. That culture make New Zealand organizational structure is low hierarchy, and the employees feel free when they give their comment or ideas with their boss. Gender is no matter in working environment. They depend on their achievement, knowledge, or talent to step up to the higher position regardless who they are, and what is their gender. As the impact of culture, the law systems is fair, and the government of the country is follow the democracy. As the evidence, New Zealand has â€Å"the case law† that depends on each situation; the court will have different verdict after deeply investigation. Otherwise, the law system of Saudi Arabia is based on the â€Å"Koran book† and Prophet Muhammad, so the breaking law will lead the offender to be punis hed by the severe rule without considering for individual circumstance. 2.2 Individualism and collectivism: This cultural dimension refers the degree to which a people in a society follow the individualism, or collectivism (Deresky, 2011, p.112). According to the chart in Appendix, the New Zealand has higher score in this dimension. Therefore, New Zealand pay more attention to the self-reliance, and â€Å"can do attitude†. It is one of the most remarkable points in New Zealand culture. In reality, New Zealander try to develop their children by let them free to discover the world around them. So, New Zealander is quite active, and creative in studying, and working as well. As regards the society, an

There is an ongoing debate on the use of capital punishment. Discuss Essay

There is an ongoing debate on the use of capital punishment. Discuss the social, moral and historical aspects of this controversial topic - Essay Example The reason that capital punishment represents the social problem is due to the fact that it is both something that is potentially morally wrong and a reaction to crime that has statistically been proven to be ineffective in reducing criminal activity with regards to the specific crimes that incurred the death penalty. As a function of this two-pronged approach, the following analysis will seek to provide the reader with a more profound understanding with regards to the determinants of morality and efficacy that the death penalty ultimately portends. It is the hope of this author that such an analysis will be useful in seeking to understand some of the sociological changes with respect to the death penalty which had been instituted within the past several decades around the globe. Firstly, activists that oppose the death penalty promote the understanding that the death penalty is merely a form of empty retribution. What is meant by this is the fact that compelling statistics, compiled by a litany of different researchers, indicate that the death penalty is entirely ineffective with regards to deterring capital crime (Worthen et al., 2014). An analysis of states within the United States that employ the death penalty as compared to those that do not, do not exhibit a market differentiation between the overall level and numbers of these crimes committed. On the other hand, activists on the far right of the political spectrum oftentimes promote the belief that the death penalty is morally commanded and should be employed as a means of providing a degree of restitution and closure to the family members who have had others taken from them in such gruesome a manner (Asai & Maki, 2011). Although there is a degree of psychological evidence that closure can be achieved through the application of the death penalty, such a construct does not justify the taking of life; at least in the view of this author

SUPERMARKETS-GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIROMENT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

SUPERMARKETS-GLOBAL BUSINESS ENVIROMENT - Essay Example Changes in the Business Environment With the competitive market environment today, there is a great influence of the changing business environment to the process and strategies with which a company or business is run. Business environment can be considered as the social or cultural environment in which the business is operated. It also comprises the internal factors which are penetrating within the business. The basic elements making the entire business environment can be the company’s customers, competitors, employees, suppliers and other individual bodies which are directly influencing the business. Since supermarkets hold an essential place for almost everybody, therefore it is getting more popularity and expansion within people. With the passage of time, the number and range of people using services of supermarkets has also expanded to an enormous level, including both the high class and the middle or low class people (Richards, 2013). This has opened opportunities for sev eral small supermarkets to enter the business and acquire the market share of the big and leading enterprises. With the growing number of market entrants over the period of 2006- 2012 in the UK supermarkets, the business environment has become further intense and competitive. ... As the technology has prospered tremendously over the years, demands and expectations of consumers have also reached to a new level. Businesses can no more expect customer’s satisfaction by providing conventional services, which does not offer ease and benefit together to customers. For this reason, many of the supermarkets have expanded their range of products, to provide more stuff to customers under one roof (-Poitier, 2001). This idea has been incorporated by the Asda supermarket, which has enabled it to increase its overall sales, by opening more options for consumers. In this way, many customers coming to buy grocery are attracted towards furniture or household items, and this allows the business to make more sales (Ayushveda Business, 2009). The effect of globalization cannot be negated in this respect, as it has been one prime reason of the changes occurring in the business environment. A big difference in the supermarket of today, from what it is used to be some 15-20 years back, is the types and range of products they offers to their customers (Business Education, 2013). This depicts that there are emerging brands in various parts of the world, which are entering the global world. Therefore, the number of product suppliers for these supermarkets have increased to a large number, which has introduced the challenge of supplier satisfaction and proper channelling. All suppliers prefer the supermarkets that can give their product maximum hype and sales. Therefore, if a supermarket is just focusing of customer’s satisfaction, then it will soon lose the interest of new product suppliers, and they will certainly go for other retailing stores in the market (Experian, 2011). The change in the

Carriage trade medicine case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Carriage trade medicine - Case Study Example The solution of her problem lies either with the Government sponsored health care programme or the HMO package since both the plans are much cheaper than the other plans, therefore, she can afford it and pay it easily. It transpired from the above contents that the scope of health care facilities in the USA is limited and it varies from segment to segment of the income group. The decision making process is limited. Answer: After a thorough study of available health care options, she come close to engage one out of the doctors Smith, Jones, Williams and Connors in line with the criterion mentioned at Table-A. In spite of that she could not decide which option she should adopt best suited for her health care. The reason being she developed her mind to allocate 100 points as per the criteria at cited table but could get only 45 points out of it. She can have HMO affiliation or state owned health care facilities being cheaper as compared to the other available options. In fact, she wanted to have two things a) best medical facilities b) best doctors to treat her. The mentioned two can be available provided her wallet size permits her to do so which is not possible due to her low income. In my opinion she should go for state sponsored medical facilities. She considered and reconsidered the options available which includes free health care state plan wherein all contributions covered by the state, contrary to that HMO required monthly contribution from Charlotte, Plan ‘A’ requires monthly contribution 32.75 USD and Plan ‘B’ requires 41.05 USD. After a thorough study of the available health care options, she comes close to Plan ‘B’. In spite of that she could not decide which option she should adopt best suited to her health care. Answer: Yes, Charlotte should opt for the compensatory decision rule keeping in mind the manifold expenses on this count. She

Effects of Agenda for Change on Psychologists

Effects of Agenda for Change on Psychologists What is Agenda for Change? What are the likely implications of Agenda for Change for clinical  psychologists and other healthcare staff working in  the UK? Agenda for Change, implemented in December 2004, is a comprehensive pay reform package for 1.2 million NHS staff. It has brought about improved correlation between career and pay, proving to be the biggest overhaul in this area for 50 years. As part of Agenda for Change, the NHS Job Evaluation Scheme has helped coordinate rates of pay with a hierarchy of job profiles. The Job Evaluation Group, a subgroup of the NHS staff council, has so far produced over 200 national job profiles. On a more personal level the NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework was introduced to advance the interrelation between education, development and career progression. This Framework will develop a culture of lifelong learning in the NHS, promoting annual development reviews and encouraging staff learning. Agenda for Change aims to boost morale and staff retention, as well as improving diversity and family-friendly flexibility. Furthermore, as a result of pay improvements, it is hoped that the system will precipitate long term improvements in every aspect of patient care and service delivery. These changes aim to include a reduction in waiting times, improvement in the quality of treatment/care, and upgraded working practises. NHS Job Evaluation Scheme Job Evaluation attempts to provide a systematic approach to determining the relative worth of jobs within a workplace. The Scheme makes provision for most NHS jobs to be matched to nationally evaluated profiles on the basis of information from job descriptions, person specifications and additional information. National job profiles additionally provide a framework against which to check the consistency of local evaluations. Job Evaluation itself does not determine the rate of pay it simply produces a hierarchy of jobs. It examines the demands made by the job and the value of the job in the organisation. In March 2005 Clinical psychologists profiles were reviewed profiles are intended to apply to all psychologist jobs in the Health Service, (Amicus the Union: 2004). At the end of March 2006, 99% of all NHS staff had been moved to the Agenda for Change terms and conditions, and since June 2006 the NHS has invested  £ 1.1 billion in staff. The new pay system The impetus behind Agenda for Change was the need to address pay inequality, Thus the new system aims to create equal pay for equal work, with a series of three pay spines: Doctors and Dentists Nursing and Other Health Professionals NHS staff, (excluding the most senior managers). (Agenda for Change: NHS terms and conditions of service handbook, January 2005) Both the second and third pay spine will be divided into nine pay bands, and within each band there will be a number of pay points. The Job Evaluation Scheme determines the correct pay band for each post and thus the correct pay. The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (KSF) and the development review process. KSF and the development review process is the core of the career and pay progression outlined in Agenda for Change. By October 2005 all staff had in addition to updated job descriptions a description of the knowledge and skills needed to do a job. KSF concentrates on how acquired knowledge and skills might be applied in certain areas. (Department of Health: 2004) Everyone has their own personal development plan, created jointly in discussion with their line manager. Each year there will be a joint review of the work where new targets for development are set. At the first one, the psychologist (or other NHS staff) agrees on a personal development plan with their line manager. The aim is to meet these targets and then move up one pay point. There are two points called â€Å"gateways† in each pay band. The first gateway takes place no later than 12 months after appointment to ensure that the appointee can meet the basic demands of the post. The second gateway is set at a fixed point towards the top of the pay band. Implications Positive In June 2004 the final draft for psychology job profiles, job evaluation, job descriptions and person specifications was ready. It was a thorough and detailed document, agreed to be beneficial for clinical psychologists. For example, it included a Job description and Personal specification suitable for newly qualified clinical psychologists called Band 7 8a, making it possible to move from band 7 to 8 within a couple of years. (Amicus: 2004). KSF encourages positive learning development and career progression, giving the individual more freedom and control over their career. The objectivity of the frameworks for reviewing and evaluating clinical work can be advantageous. However, evaluations will always be dependant upon the relationship between the persons involved, giving room for differences of opinions and idiosyncrasies. Negative The announcement in autumn 2005 of around 13000 job cuts for nurses in NHS was in part the result of hospital trusts’ efforts to balance the books in the aftermath of the hugely increased wages bill brought about by the implementation of Agenda for Change (The Guardian, 2006). Although no job cuts for clinical psychologists have been announced, there is a tendency to withdraw funding when vacancies arise. (Amicus: 2006) The reduced staffing level increases the workload for existing staff, perhaps to a degree that the increased pay doesn’t compensate for. Increased demand for back pay[1] Conclusion Although the implementation of Agenda for Change has been fraught with difficulties and economic unrest there are indications that the new system is bringing about positive changes in some areas. In the Agenda for Change Briefing (June 2006) NHS employers stated that †the reform has been a success story.â€Å" However, many organisations are only now coming to the end of the implementation period and it will take at least a year or two for success criteria to emerge. In conclusion, it is perhaps too early to fairly evaluate the implications for clinical psychologists and other health care staff. References Agenda for Change: NHS terms and conditions of service handbook, January 2005: Available from: ‘http://www.dh.gov.uk/PolicyAndGuidance/HumanResourcesAndTraining/ModernisingPay/AgendaForChange/fs/en’  [Accessed 7/11/06] Amicus, the Union,: Clinical psychologist and psychology assistant profiles, 2004:  Available from:  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhttp://www.amicustheunion.org’  [Accessed 8/11/06] Amicus, the Union: Grading guidance for clinical psychologists,2004  http://www.amicustheunion.org/ Amicus, the Union, Press Release, September 2006: Available From:  Ã¢â‚¬Ëœhttp://www.amicustheunion.org/’ Department of Health :Agenda for Change What will it mean for you? A guide for staff, 11/10/2004: Available from: ‘http://www.dh.gov.uk/PublicationsAndStatistics/Publications/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidanceArticle/fs/en?CONTENT_ID=4090842chk=djtkBc’  [Accessed 8/11/06] Department of Health: The NHS Knowledge and Skills Framework (NHS KSF) and the Development Review Process (October 2004): Available from: ‘http://www.dh.gov.uk’  [Accessed 8/11/06] The Guardian, April 24, 2006  Ã¢â‚¬ËœCumbrian nurses finally get equal pay cash’: Personnel Today, Jan 2006 Footnotes [1] See article in Personnel Today concerning the case of hundreds of nurses lodging equal pay complaints as a result of the new NHS Agenda for Change pay system (Personnel Today, January 2006).

Evolution Essays - Is There a Conspiracy to Suppress Creation Science?

Is There a Conspiracy to Suppress "Creation Science"? Two Works Cited A frequent claim in creationist literature is that there is a wealth of scientific evidence to support creationism, but that secular, mainstream scientists are suppressing its publication in peer-reviewed journals. They are not giving creation-scientists a fair shake, they claim; they are being censored. The fact is that creation scientists are not even submitting scientific theories on creation for publication. Needless to say, mainstream scientists cannot censor what is not being submitted One can begin to investigate this issue by examining what the creation-scientists are submitting for publication. One of the easiest, freest and most uncensored publishing mediums is the Internet. People can post any message they desire to talk.origins, the newsgroup devoted to spirited debate between evolutionists and creationists. So do creationists submit their scientific evidence there? The welcome page for talk.origins contains the following special plea to creationists: "To re...

Mr Pake

5. Assessment DRAFT VERSION – AWAITING EXTERNAL EXAMINER APPROVAL Assessment will be confirmed by the end of teaching week 3 5. 1 Assessment task This module is assessed by means of an assignment of no more than 3,000 words. There are three parts to the assignment. You must complete all three parts. Your assignment must be submitted in a sans serif font no smaller than 12 points. Line spacing should be 1. 5 or double. Your completed assignment must be completed and submitted by Friday 26th April, 2013. See Section 5. 2 for details of submission. Section 5. gives some further guidance on the assignment tasks. Written assignments must not exceed the specified maximum number of words. All assignments that do so will be penalised. The penalty is at the discretion of the marker, but will certainly result in a reduction of the mark awarded. Part 1 (20% of overall mark) In 500 words or fewer, answer a question of your choice which requires you to use a microeconomic principle, or pri nciples, discussed in the module. This question should involve a pattern of events or behaviour that you personally have observed.The issue you address need not be one traditionally analysed using economics, but your work should be an original application of economic logic and reasoning to something which interests you. Examples of issues students elsewhere have addressed are: 1. Why do brides spend so much money on wedding dresses, whereas grooms often rent cheap tuxedos, even though grooms could potentially wear their tuxedos on many other occasions and brides will never wear their dresses again? 2. Why are child safety seats required in cars but not in airplanes? 3.Why are round-trip fares from Hawaii to the US mainland higher than the corresponding fares from the US mainland to Hawaii? 4. Why do airlines charge much more for tickets purchased at the last minute, yet theatres follow exactly the opposite practice? 5. Why do many people buy larger houses when they retire and their own children leave home? Your question and the issue you address does not need to be important or worthy, but try to begin with an interesting question. You should check with your seminar tutor that the question you wish to address is suitable.The most successful answers begin with a really interesting question (one that makes the reader instantly curious to learn the answer) and then use an economic principle or principles to construct a plausible answer. You do not have to provide a complete solution to the question – the key is to apply economic principles to achieve an insight into the issue. It should be written as if to a friend or relative who has never taken a course in economics. It must be clearly understood by such a person. It does not need diagrams or mathematics. It should not be heavily laden with economic jargon or terminology.You do not need to include references (since it is an original application of principles). Nor are you expected to do extensive researc h in support of your argument, although a relevant fact or two might help convince yourself and others that you are on the right track. Part 2 (40% of overall mark) Answer all five questions below in 1250 words or fewer. The questions carry equal marks. a) Explain why perfectly competitive markets lead to an allocatively efficient allocation of resources in the long run. (8%) b) Explain why free markets will under-produce goods with positive externalities (e. g. accinations against infectious diseases). Briefly suggest how government might intervene to correct this under-provision? (8%) c) The Consumer Price Index (CPI) is the official measure of inflation in the United Kingdom. Why might CPI not be an accurate measure of the costs of living for any given individual consumer? (8%) d) Explain why a ? 1m increase in net exports might increase the equilibrium output of an economy by more than ? 1m. e) If an economy is initially operating at its potential output, explain the short- and longrun consequences of a permanent increase in government spending. 8%) Part 3 (40% of overall mark) Figure 1 below shows the world price of copper for each month over the period 2004-2011. From a price of $2424 in January 2004 it rose to a high of $8046 in May 2008. It then fell rapidly to reach $3072 in December 2008 before rising again. In an essay of 1250 words or fewer, use economic analysis to explain the changes seen in the price of copper over this period and why there were such large fluctuations in price. Figure 1: The monthly world price of copper 01 January 2004 to 31 December 2011

Argumentative Essay Sample on Gender Superiority Why Men Cannot Be Superior to Women

Argumentative Essay Sample on Gender Superiority Why Men Cannot Be Superior to Women The International Declaration of Womens Day this month, March 8 to be exact, purports to enshrine the essence and importance of womanhood, of the gentler sex. That there ought to be such a celebration, especially given the absence of its counterpart Mans Day is an admission of the yet underdog status of women in the world of mankind. Such a reminder of the import of women, or rather the lack of its recognition, tends to elicit the question that has almost always been at the back of our adult minds if not at the tips of our tongues – are man and woman, or if you may, woman and man, different but equal? This classic, timeless gender question brings with it a host of related riddles on Homosapien’s psycho-physiological profile and origins. Is man greater than woman? Or is it that woman is really superior to man? Who came first, woman or man? But is there really a superior sex? Scientific advancements have made it obvious that males and females are designed to complement each others differences, to fill in their respective strong and weak points. Hormonal changes account for mens greater physical power on the other, womens genetic build-up aside from the obvious maternal capacity, has endowed females with increased resistance to cardiovascular diseases. Governed more by the brain’s left hemisphere, women also tend to be more proficient at languages while men in general do better in numerical problems which are the concern of the right side of the brain. To think that man is superior to the woman by virtue of brute power is like saying that the lion specie is above that of the humans. What is true is that throughout the ages, male brute power has restricted the relational and sexual arena of the  woman - unlike the polygamous  man - not because of her physical weakness but rather, her inherent procreative advantage. Owing to what sociologists term as paternal insecurity whereby pre-21st century man had no way of knowing for certain whether the child of his partner has indeed been fathered by him, man had devised societal laws and norms to ensure the womans guarded fidelity. Two of the extreme and abominable examples are the chastity belts made to be worn by women in early Europe and FGM or female genital mutilation that persists today among some African tribes. Central to the issue of gender superiority is the question of which of the sexes came first into the world. Not a few religious and mythological literature share similar stories of creation whereby the first woman and man sprang forth at the same or similar source or shells. Islam which, rightly or wrongly projects a chauvinist countenance, tells of how the first man and woman came from the same soul. Even the Philippine legend of Malakas at Maganda narrates how the first woman and man emerged into this world from a split bamboo. The Judaic-Christian tradition however presents a definitely masculine bias in its account of the genesis of the primordial man and woman. Unlike the story of the Great Deluge which has not-so-dissimilar recordings in almost all major ancient cultures and religions, Christianity included, the Bibles story of Creation tells of Eve as having been formed from the ribs and flesh of Adam. Mainly on the premise that Adam was the first to be created and that Eve only cam from the bone of (the first mans) bone, flesh of (the first mans) flesh, the Christian faithful has philosophized on the superiority of man over woman. If having been formed first, the modified chicken or egg riddle, should be a criterion for judging which is the superior gender, then modern scientific findings should provide an unexpected twist to this classic gender debate. Quite recently, certain studies released during the last decade have given rise to the theory that during fetal development, regardless of whether the fetus will ultimately become a baby girl or boy, the human brain has to undergo the initial state of being female in character. To the ordinary laywoman and laymen, such presents a scientific plausibility of the basic and requisite importance of the human femaleness and, needless to say, should therefore easily counter any doctrine or belief to the contrary. Archeology has now verified the existence of Amazon  cultures - what ancient Greek writers have long written  of - in European lands. The unearthed remains and artifacts of these amazing ancient societies proved that at some points and period, traditional role playing has been reversed and had showcased woman power and prowess with no small success. To a limited extent, this is now being replicated by modern armies of countries that have opened the doors of military training to women. In his flawed supposition of male superiority, man for so long has trampled upon the rights and undermined the abilities of women. If the developments during the past decades are to form a gauge of the growing world recognition of womens rights and abilities, the trend then seems to be in an upward swing in terms of how more women in more countries are thrusted to positions of authority. Womens Day is a call for sensible and moral minds, whether female or male, to work at further balancing the practice of gender justice. As the Chinese say, the woman holds half the sky. Persecute then the women and half the world is encumbered.

Compelling Topics for Research Papers

Compelling Topics for Research Papers Compelling Topics for Research Papers Finding a compelling topic for your research paper is a step by step process; dont rush and reap the rewards Call in Ontario for assistance. Challenge and Engage The best thing to do is choose a topic that interests and challenges you simultaneously. It shouldn’t be something that’s too difficult to handle; dont bite off more than you can chew. The topic should be thought provoking and grab the readers interest immediately. Next, consider the scope of the essay. If the topic you choose is too narrow, it may be difficult to find research material. If the topic is too broad, it runs the risk of seeming too boring for the reader. Research, Research Do plenty of investigation on the topic. At this stage you’ll discover how compelling the topic truly can be, and save time if you decide to scrap it for a better idea. If you have a general idea in mind, research anything that could be associated with it to learn more and create an interesting essay. For example, if you choose to write about farming, consider other topics such as free trade agreements, weather patterns, transportation, and fertilizers. What’s the Angle? Choosing a topic almost always involves choosing an â€Å"angle.† Ask yourself, â€Å"What am I trying to prove with this essay?† Take into account historical, geographical, and sociological factors. This will help clarify your topic and its focus. Your topic may require final approval from the professor or teacher. Make sure you meet all established guidelines before proceeding with more writing and research. If you need help can make sure you finish your project on time. Please give us a

Corporate strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Corporate strategy - Essay Example The HTC started its operation with the basic goal of developing small, handheld, computer-like devices. In order to achieve this goal, the company management decided to use the Windows CE as a basic platform. However, the HTC initially focused on the development of note books as a result of unavailability of skilled engineers to make handheld devices that time. Although the company succeeded to create the world’s first pocket-size PC with Microsoft a year later; high production costs, lack of brand recognition, and technical glitches put the firm’s main note book business into troubles. The ballooning loss figures persuaded the company to exit note book business and refocus on handheld devices. The HTC’s initial difficulties came to an end in 2000 when it manufactured a PDA, the iPAQ, for Compaq Computer. The Compaq commissioned HTC as an original design manufacturer with the purpose of engineering and designing the products for the company. In addition, the HTC also entered into ranges of other business segments such as mobile phone operator business. So as to accomplish its objective of international expansion, the HTC established a separate research and development team which can effectively design innovative models that would best fit with changing market trends. Recently, the newly appointed CEO, Peter Chou decided to brand and sell the products under company’s own name in order to overcome international growth limitations. Despite harsh comments from shareholders, HTC proceeded with its venture and the company faced stiff competition from the world’s biggest handset manufacturers. The company’s intention was to achieve a powerful global brand position as that of Nokia or Samsung Electronics. Although, the company could effectively confront with market challenges, the HTC brand still has a long way to go in order to accomplish its ultimate objectives. Question 2 From the case analysis, it seems that most of the iss ues that HTC faced emerged as a result of the strategic failure of the company management. Firstly, the company’s decision to brand and sell the products under its own name found to be a worse strategy since the HTC had not well established in the industry so that it struggled to defend the tough competition from global giants like Nokia and Samsung Electronics. The company’s different top executives possessed different views regarding market operations and it led to total disorder. For instance, Cher Wang, one of the founders of the firm gave more emphasis on market competition while the Chief Operating Officer Fred Liu and CMO John Wang focused on brand value building. The lack of conceptual coordination in the operation of the HTC management raised barriers to its rapid international expansion. Although, the company could perform well in Europe and Asia, its operations in US market were not satisfactory. The market surveys showed that the US had offered a potential market for mobile phone manufacturers. Therefore, the HTC could not adequately take advantages of the large and potential US market as a result of its poor brand promotion strategies. Increased cost of production was another potential issue that threatened the existence of HTC. An HTC sponsored survey reflected that 80% of the US consumers did not like to buy a phone that cost more than $200. However, HTC did not have the necessary scale to drive costs down and it gave opportunities to Nokia which had well excelled in the area. Moreover, it is observed that the company

Legal Issues Surrounding Personal, Real, and Intellectual Property Research Paper

Legal Issues Surrounding Personal, Real, and Intellectual Property - Research Paper Example This has primarily been because of the changes which have taken place in the all-round development of human being. This paper focuses mainly on the implication of the technology on all legal systems which affect property at all levels i.e. definition, acquisition and conveyance. A clear definition of what personal property, real property and now the modern intellectual property is given some weight of focus. It is the stand of this paper that understanding the definitions which surround these keywords is the fundamental necessity which opens a door of understanding into the legal frameworks which govern them. Accessing the property of whatever kind in this century is defined by legal frameworks and this research aims at singling out those general principles which govern the same. There are also the common legal issues that definitely surround the personal, real and intellectual property and this research has centered on them so that the impact which the technology has brought on the same is known. When you know the law, you will know how to navigate its course. This research aims at making you know the law and be in a position to apply it without fear or doubt of any kind. Amendments are also very inevitable and this research makes a proposal of what needs to be changed so that both ethics and legalizations can be at par in serving the 21st century generations. It is noted that this generation is the most advanced in terms of technology than any other time in human history thus the new changes need incorporation in the legal frameworks. It is needless to say that the inter-relationships is also observed and all the strengths and weaknesses analyzed. Introduction Popular law makers have often quoted the words of Bentham that no property no law. This is quite very true because every conduct of human being is property oriented. It may take centuries before everybody comes into agreement that everybody engages in everyday activities with an aim of acquiring some fo rm of property. Property, since time immemorial, has been used to define most of the social human structures the major one being legal frameworks. It is even a known fact that according to the prevailing condition of a social-political and economic condition, the legal frameworks have been used into bequeathing rights of ownership of property. This has though been based on previous experiences of any community setting. A turn of things in legal circles was born when science and technology began yielding its best. The law of property had to inevitably be changed to incorporate the new definitions of property. Due to this aspect, the ideal of intellectual property was born. Since the conception of this kind of property, its protection has been of major concern mainly because of its intangible nature. New rules and regulations have been formed to protect and enforce intelligent property. This paper will explore deeply into the forms of properties known today and there legal implication s. Distinction of Real, Personal and Intellectual properties Real The distinction between these forms of properties is very interesting. Before introduction of technology, which came and complicated the legal system, a real property would simply imply anything which was attached to the ground. This basically included things which were â€Å"planted† on the ground like houses and other structures or anything

Intervention Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Intervention - Article Example The study was conducted in Sydney, Australia. The participants in the study were 172 and they were individuals with non-specific low back pain. They received 14 sessions of individualized supervised exercise therapy and they were randomly assigned to receive either motor control exercises or graded activity as a way of establishing the advantage and applicability of the motor control exercises in reducing back pain (Gazzi Macedo et al., 2012). These two studies were aimed at establishing whether the exercise program could be used as an intervention into reducing PGD and LBP. However, the researchers in the first study found no effect of the treatment program on the prevalence of self-reported LBP and PGD during the time of pregnancy not exceeding 20 weeks. This cannot rule out the program though it cannot be used widely due to the failed positive results. The results of the second study however shoed that motor control exercises and graded activity have similar effects for patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain (Gazzi Macedo et al., 2012). These can be used well as an intervention in the reduction of back pain, LBP and PGD in pregnant women. Article one shows the details of the study done to establish whether the introduction of a group-based exercise program can be applied as an intervention for reducing Lower Back Pain and Pelvic Girdle Pain in pregnant women before the 20th week of gestation. The results however shows little difference in the two groups which consist of the controlled group and the non-controlled group. The sample size is 257 which consists of pregnant women before the 20th week of gestation. The Second is a parallel study done on a suburban area in Sydney, Australia. The participants in the study were 172 and they were individuals with non-specific low back pain. They undergo individualized supervised exercise therapy and they were randomly assigned to receive either motor

Literature Paper Essay Example for Free

Literature Paper Essay Sophocles two plays, namely the AD 6717-658 Oedipus the King as well as the 658-693 Antigone, are dominated by elements of conflict both external and internal. The external conflict involves two persons with opposing viewpoints being engaged in a physical or philosophical confrontation. On the other hand, the internal cases of conflict occur when certain individuals in the 2 plays encounter dilemmas regarding doing things that their consciences counsel against. Further, the playwright describes various characters handling the conflicting situations in a variety of ways. For example, some characters just choose to give in, become complicit, and do the things that their consciences advise against. A notable example of this phenomenon in Oedipus the King is Queen Jocasta’s action of bowing to King Laius’ (her husband’s) pressure and thus giving away the young Oedipus to be disposed off. Likewise, in Antigone, Ismene depicts the same behavior of allowing outside pressure to adversely influence her conscience-led aspirations. To this end, Ismene refuses to join efforts with Antigone her defiant sister in burying Polyneices the 2 sisters’ departed brother. Conversely, the 2 plays contain cases whereby physical person-to-person conflicts arise. For instance, in Antigone, Creon Thebe’s ruler holds viewpoints that conflict with those of Haemon Creon’s son. To illustrate, when Creon detains and intends to murder Antigone Haemon’s fiance son and father are at loggerheads. The situation deteriorates to the extent of father and son insulting one another. Haemon angrily leaves, promising that he will never come back. Similarly, in Oedipus the King, King Oedipus becomes conflicted with prophet Tiresias because Tiresias is experiencing an internal sort of conflict. The prophet is aware that telling King Oedipus the truth about who killed King Laius would yield no good results. On the other hand, King Oedipus is very intent on ascertaining the true identity of Lauis’ killer, not knowing that Oedipus himself killed Laius. The conflict between the 2 personalities pushes them to exchange harsh words. This conflict is resolved when Tiresias utters the definitive paradox that Laius was indeed killed by his (Laius’) son. All in all, through the two plays Antigone and Oedipus the King, playwright Sophocles describes both external and external cases of conflict, with the conflicts being resolved to the detriment of a certain individual. To begin with, Queen Jocasta’s conflict regarding either disposing off or saving the life of Oedipus her son ends with the infant son being disadvantaged when he is disposed off. The hopeless Oedipus passes from the hands of Jocasta, to a servant, to a lowly shepherd and eventually to a King’s palace. Through such transition, the baby encounters various hardships. Firstly, he risks being killed and then spends some time out in the open fields where he is exposed to the elements. Further, it is notable that the shepherd who eventually passes Oedipus on to King Polybus has no means of keeping and raising the condemned child. Jocasta’s indecisiveness when she faces the internal conflict of either saving or killing Oedipus thus causes the son immense problems. In this case, Sophocles describes a conflict being resolved to the detriment of a particular personality Oedipus. In a similar version, in Antigone, Sophocles describes Antigone’s conflict as resulting in a string of misfortunes. After Creon the King unjustly orders that Polyneices should be ignored regarding proper burial, with Eteocles being accorded a fitting send-off, Antigone Polyneices’ sister becomes mentally conflicted. Antigone immediately detects Creon’s partiality in ordering for this obviously discriminative treatment. She thus cannot demonstrate complicity by adhering to Creon’s unjust edict. The determined girl therefore opts to secretly accord Polyneices a proper burial. By doing this, Antigone risks being put to death as indicated by Creon’s directive. She however gallantly carries on with her plan and even boldly defending her decisions before the King. Related to Antigone’s mental conflict is Ismene’s dilemma whereby she has to choose to either stand by Antigone or obey Creon’s controversial decree. By adhering to the directives that Creon has issued, Ismene will in effect be betraying Polyneices her brother. Conversely, by deciding to join Antigone in properly burying Polyneices, Ismene will be showing sisterly responsibility to her departed brother as well as to Antigone. In addition, Ismene risks being put to death as per Creon’s orders should she go by Antigone’s bold decision. Eventually, Ismene shies away and avoids going by Antigone’s plans. On her part, Antigone boldly accords Polyneices a proper send-off, thus attracting Creon’s wrath. Ultimately, the 2 sisters find themselves behind bars, with Ismene being a sort of martyr since she did not participate in Antigone’s defiant actions. It is at this point that Antigone faces another conflict when Ismene offers to suffer the consequences of Antigone’s actions. Antigone is aware that it would be unjust to allow Ismene suffer the same fate as Antigone. Although outside pressure eventually forces Creon to let the 2 girls walk free, the conflict that Ismene and Antigone face is resolved with disastrous results. Further, the decision that Antigone makes because of being mentally conflicted serves to make Creon’s son Haemon to also become conflicted. To illustrate, after Creon puts Antigone in prison, intending to kill the girl, Haemon intervenes, trying to persuade Creon to let the girl walk away. Haemon does this because he is an intimate friend to Antigone. He thus cannot allow his father to kill Antigone owing to the love that Haemon has for Antigone. It is worth noting that Haemon is in a tight spot when he approaches Creon, persuading the King to let Antigone go away. This is because Haemon risks being branded a traitor or someone who demonstrates insubordination towards the King. On the other hand, should Haemon decide to keep quiet, allowing the King to do as he wills with Antigone, Haemon will demonstrate lack of commitment towards Antigone. Son and father thus confront each other because they hold varying viewpoints about the incarceration of Antigone. Again, Sophocles describes a person-to-person conflict being resolved in a negative way. After Haemon and Creon hurl insults at each other, Haemon walks away, promising that he will never come back. True to his words, Haemon commits suicide. Likewise, through the Oedipus the King play, Sophocles describes the shepherd who witnessed King Laius’ murder as well as Oedipus as being conflicted both externally and internally. For instance, King Oedipus desires to know every detail of his (Oedipus’) childhood. On the other hand, the shepherd is aware that should he become aware of his past, Oedipus will only experience pain. The shepherd thus only gives certain details of Oedipus childhood after which he begs to be allowed to stop the narration. By doing this, the shepherd seeks to shield Oedipus from the pain that will inevitably result when the King learns of his (the King’s) past. Such good intentions are however misunderstood by Oedipus as the shepherd’s demonstration of insubordination. Consequently, Oedipus threatens the shepherd with death should he hold back any information from the King. The shepherd is thus deeply conflicted. He is very sure that when Oedipus learns the truth about Oedipus’ lineage, the King will surely be gravely hurt. Out of fear for his life, the shepherd finally explains all the details about Oedipus life. Consequently, the King becomes distraught. Further, the Queen commits suicide, after which Oedipus gorges out both his eyes and goes into self-imposed exile. Once more, Sophocles describes the conflict between the shepherd and King Oedipus as being resolved in a bad manner as it results in the deaths of Queen Jocasta and the self-imposed exile of King Oedipus. In conclusion, though his 2 plays Oedipus the King and Antigone playwright Sophocles describes numerous instances whereby various characters are conflicted either externally or internally. One notable case of mental conflict in Antigone is the instance when Antigone has to choose to either remain loyal to Polyneices her brother or obey Creon’s dictatorial decree. Conversely, the instance when Creon and Haemon exchange bitter words denotes external conflict. On the other hand, in Oedipus the King, Jocasta’s indecision regarding whether to dispose off or save Oedipus represents internal conflict. The shepherd and Oedipus’ confrontation demonstrates external conflict. Further, all the conflicts that are presented in both Oedipus the King as well as in Antigone are resolved in ways that harm certain characters.

Importance Of Brand Strategies Marketing Essay

Importance Of Brand Strategies Marketing Essay Companies must be flexible to respond rapidly to competitive and market changes they must benchmark continuously to achieve best practice.They must outsource aggresively to gain efficiencies.(Michael Porter; What is Strategy, Harvard Business Review, 1996, Nov-Dec, p.61.)in this quote Michael Porter states what the companies should do in the face of sudden changes in key points.When we got the origin of the word strategy we faces with the names of Greek(stratÄâ€Å"gà ­a)Leading army ve military commander(http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/strategy). As combining PorterS description with the original version of the word strategy, we define the firms as military and commanders as the brand. We realised from that militaries that does not have a good commander cannot fights completly. If we look at todays business environment, the firms doesnt have good brands fight with competitors disadvantegously. Fort his reason ,the concept of international brand should be taken with stro ng fundamentals.A strong brand strategy enables the brand to create a strong brand identity in foreign markets and also to helps the firm to compete with its competitors.Because of the brand strategies occured , as the firm enters the foreign market , the risk level will decrease and the success will increases..( _.ÃÅ". Siyasal Bilgiler Fakà ¼ltesi Journal 2007) B.Elements of Ä °nternational Brand strategies The firms that are willing to enter international markets must concentrate on firstly the elements of brand that creates the brand strategy, because a brand with weak basic could force the firm into bad conditions. The firms success in international arena based on the chosen brand strategy and the elements that creates this strategy. The increase in the brand value of the firm in international arena will no doubtly affects the profit positively. The most important goal of international brand strategies is to increase the brand value. According to Kevin Lane Keller(2002) the elements are divided into seven part; Brand Names URL S Logos and symbols Characters Slogans Jingles Packaging Brand Name It is not an easy task to choose a brand name which is can ben seen as an art or science.As a matter of fact, the brand name is important because it always captures the main point or the main associations of a good in a compact and financial trend..Brand names might be an productive stenography means of communication.Whereas the time it hets consumers to grasp marketing communications can range from a half minute.It is also the most difficult brand element for marketers to subsquently change.Consequently , brand names often systematically researched before being chosen. As Henry Ford II named his new automobile the Edsel after the name of a family members seem to be long gone.Is it dificult to come up with brand name ? Ira Bachrach , a well-known branding consultant, notes that although there are 140,000 words in English vocabulary , the average American only detect 20,000 words. In some ways , this difficulty of finding a brand name should not be surprising.Any parent can probably sympathize with how hard it can be to choose a name for a child , as evidenced by the thousand of babies born each year without names because their parents have not decided on or perhanbs not agreed upon a name yet. Brand Awareness As a whole , it is believed that brand awareness is developed the extent to which brand names spell are selected that are uncomplicated and easy to declare or; familiar and meaningful ; and dissimiliar ,distinctive , and unusual.To highlight brand recall , to be easy-understandable , hend and easy to pronounce or spell are the desirable criterias fort he brand name.Simplicity reduces consumers cognitive effort to understand and process the brand name.3 Short names often ease recall because they are easy to encode and store in memory ( e.q., Aim toothpaste , Raid pest spray , Bold laundry detergent , Suave shampoo , Off insect repellent , Jiff peanut butter ).Risk the embarrassment of mispronouncing a dificult name ( as might be the case with such potentially difficult to pronounce names as Hyundai Automobiles , Fruzen Gladje ice cream ).3 Pronunciation issues may arise from not approving to lingquistic rules.Although Honda chose the name Acura because it was associated with words connoting precision in different languages , they primarily had some trouble with consumer pronunciation of the name ( pronounced AK-yur -a ) in the American market, perhaps in part because they chose not to use the phonetically simpler English spelling of Acurca ( with a double c ). Brand names ought to be familiar and meaningful so that it would be able to tap into eisting knowledge structures.Brand names may be concrete or abstract in their meaning.All types of categories can be used to form a name ( e.q. , people,places,animals,birds, or different kinds of inanimate objects).Because these objects already exist in memort in verbal and visiual form,less learning has to occur. One research study of hypothetical brand names showed that high-imagery brand names, ( e.q. Ocean , Frog, Plant, and Paper ) were significantly more memorable acroos a variety of recall and recognition measures than low-imagery words (e.q.,History,Truth,Moment, and Memory ).Thus , when a consumer sees an ad fort he firsttime for a car called Neon the fact that the consumer already has the word stored in memort should make it easier to encode the product name and thus improve its recallability.Although choosing a simple, easy o pronounce ,familiar, and meningful brand name can improve recallability, to improve brand recognition, on the other hand , it is important that brand names be different,distinctive and unusual. Note that cultural differences may exist in brand name memorability and recall.In one study , Chinese speakers were more likely to recall names presented as brand names in visual rather than spoken , whereas English speakers were more likely sensations of verbal information in Chinese are coded primarily in a visual manner whereas verbal in English is coded primarily in a phonological in a visal manner. As with all brand choice criteria, tradeoffs must be recognized.Even if a distinctive brand name is advantageous for brand recogniton.Ä °t also has to be seen as credible and desirabe in the product category.A notable exception is Smuckers jelly, which has tried to turn the handicap of its distinctive-but porential dislikable-name into a positive through its slogan. Brand Associations Although choosing a memorable name is valuable , it is often necessary fort he brand to have broader meaning to consumers than just the product categort it is in.Because the brand name is a bundle form of communication , the specific and implicit meaning that consumers extract from the name can be critical.In particular, the brand name can be selected to strenghten an essential attributes benefit association that makes up its product positioning. A descriptive brand name should make it easier to link the reinforced attribute or benefit.That is, it should be easier to communicate to consumers that a laundry detergentadds fresh secntto clothes Ä ±f it were given a name such asBlossomthan Ä ±f Ä ±t were given a neutral,nonsuggestive name such as Circle. Made-up brand names, however , ara generally devised more systematically.Fictitious words are typically based on combination of morphemes.A morpheme is the smallest lingual unit having meaning.here are 6,000 morphemes in the English language , including real words. ( e.q., man) as well as prefixes , suffixes, or root.For example, Compaq computers name comes from a combination of two morphemes indicating computers and communication and a small,integral object. Naming Product A number of different procedures pr systems have been suggested for naming new products.Although some differences exist, most systems for developing brand names can be seen as basically adopting a procedure something along the following lines. In general, the first step in selecting a brand name for a new good is to dine the branding objectives in terms of the six general criteria.It is particularly important to define the ideal meaning that brand should take.It is also necessary to recognize the role of the brand within the corporate branding hierarchy and how the brand should relate to other brands and products. With the strategic branding direction in place, the second step involves generating as many names and concepts as possible.Any potential source of names can be used:company management and employees;existing or potential customers. Next , the names have to be viewed found on the branding objectives and marketing thoughts as well as just common sense , to produce a more manageable list.For example , General Mills starts by eliminating the following; Names that have unintentional double meaning Names that are patently unpronounceable, alreadt in use , or too close to an existing name Names that have obvious legal complications Names that represent an obvious contradiction of the positioning The fourth step involves conveing more broad information on each of the final 5 to 10 or so names. Before spending large amounts of Money on consumer research. It is usually advisable to do an extensive international legal search. Next, consumer research is ofteh conducted to authorize supervision watchfulness as to the memorability and meaningfulness of the names.Consumer testing can take all forms.Many firms attempt to simulate the actual marketing program fort he brand and consumers likely purchase experiences as much as possible. Finally, based on all information conveied from the prior step,supervision can select the name that maximzed the firms branding and marketing goals and then legally register the name. 1.Descriptive Describes function literally; generally unregisterable Examples; Singapore Airlines, Global Crossing, Turkish Airlines 2.Suggestive Suggestive of a benefit or function Example; marchFÄ °RST, Agilent Technologies, ASELSAN 3.Compounds Combination of two or more, often unexpected, words Example; redhat 4.Classical Based on Latin, Greek, or Sanskirt Example; Meritor 5.Arbitrary Real words with no obvious tie-in to company Example; Apple, Çilek Mobilya 6.Fanciful Coined words with no obvious meaning Example; Avanade,Zorlu Landors Brand Name Taxonomy URLs Urls are used to particularize spots of pages on Web, and are likewhise usually allude to as domain names.Urls ought to set down or recompense for the call by a service like register.com.In recent years , as the numbers of companies entering web have been increased , the importance of URLs increased dramatically.The number of registered URLs realm names almost doubled to 17 million from May to September 200.The rank of URLs reached 84,000 per days or approximately on eper second.(Keller , 2002 ) Another declare companies faces with respect to URLs is to protect their brand from unauthorized use in realm names.For instance , Nike could not countenance the name seen in the URL of a facle fan site www.nikerules.com.In order to protect its brand name from unauthorized realm use in a URL.The exact name used in Urls are much more understanable than anyother uses, which means that the name of the brand ought to create the name of URLs.For instance , a few exapmles from turkish based companies Urls ; www.beko.com.tr www.arcelik.com.tr , www.ulker.com.tr , www.vestel.com.tr. (Matt Hicks ,Order Out of Chaos 2001) In 2000 , ICANN , the agency directs the internets adress system brought seven new domain suffixes.Two addition of two domains were .biz and .info , in nowember and it makes the new domains necessary.These new domains entangled issues , but , for huge companies that applied sizeable time and money to secure the URLs.Additional cost element occurs as the companies are forced to buy these new domains , however companies have to do all due to protect the brand image. Logos and Symbols (Those some of examples Turkish brand logos and symbols) Visual brand dimensions often take a critical role in constructing brand equity, although the brand name particularly is the central element of the brand. Logos have a long history that means to point out center, ownership, or association. For instance, logos for years, ages, have been used to visually represent their names by families and countries. .(Keller, 2002 ) Many kÄ ±nds of logos, ranging from trademarks or corporate names , exist and they are written in a distinctive form.To wholy abstract logos,that might be entirely unconcerned with the word mark,corporate acitivites or corporate name.Some of the brands has strong word Marks such as Coca-cola , Dunhill,AND Kit-Kat.Some examples for abstract logos are the Mercedes star, Rolex-crown,CBS ETC.(27) There are two extremes that many logos fall between. Logos always concorted as symbols to reinforce the meaning of brand in anyway. Many logos are the exact from of representation of brand name and that makes the brand so easy to be known and to be kept in my mind for long time. Logos are often useful as the use of the full brand name is restricted in anyway. National Westminster, Bank in the United Kingdom, for instance,created a triangulardevice as a logo in part becasue the name itself was long and cumbersome and the logo could be more easily appear as an identification device on the check books.(Keller 2002) In updating logos, however, it is important to make gradual changes that do not mislay sight of the intrinsic advantages of the logo. In the 1980s, for many firms was to create more abstract, stylized versions of their logo. Recognizing the logos potential contribution to brand equity, some firms in the 1990s reverted to a more traditional look for their symbols.(32) Unlike brand names, logos can be easily changed over time to success a more coeval look. To illustrate with an example,Burger-KÄ ±ng is the second largest hamburger chain in america, added blue to its logos to make it more eye-catching. The change was intended to convey a message of strenght and aility with a technology edge.(31) Slogans Some examples for turkÄ ±sh brands slogan as follows ; BEKO A World Brand VESTEL Friendly Technology Turkish Airlines Globally Yours ÃÅ"LKER A Happy Moment Slogans are short expresses which communicate descriptive or convincing information related to the brand.Slogans frequently come forth in advertising,but can play an important role on packaging and in other viewpoint of the marketing campaign.For instance , Snickers Hungry ? Snickers Really Satisfies slogan appears in ads and on the candy bar wrapper itself.Slogan can function as useful hooks or handles to help consumers grasp the meaning of a brand in terms of what the brand is and what makes it special.(Keller 2002) Slogans often become closely tied to advertising campaings can be used as tag lines to summarize the descriptive adn persuasive information conveyed in the ads.For exapmle,De Beers diamonds A diamond Is Forever tag line communicates the intended ad message that diamonds bring eternal love and romance and never lose value.(Keller 2002) Some slogans become so strongly linked to the brand that Ä ±t becomes difficult to subsequently introduce new ones.For example,Miller Lite beer has struggled to find a successor to its memorable Tastes Great à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Less Fillingslogan.After the failure of the controversial Made by Dickads with their sometimes bizarre renditions of the Miller Time refrain.(Keller,2002) Characters Those character examples represent to three multinational Turkish companies Arà §elik:Character name is Çelik Vestel:Characters name are Vestron Opet:Character name is Opedo Characters identifies a particular kind of brand symbol is one that takes on people or real life characteristics.Brand characters kindly are announced by using advertising and can play an important role in those and subsequent ad campaings and package designs.As similiar to other brand elements , brand characters come in many several forms.Some brand characters are enlivened.(Keller 2002) Brand characters may supply a count of brand equity advance.The reason is that they are frequently colorful and wealthy in visiual,they ought to be attention getting.As a result , brand characters can be quite useful for creating brand awarness.Brand characters can help brands break through the marketplace clutter as well as help to communicate a key product benefit.For instance,Maytags Lonely Repairman has helped to reinforce their keyreliability product association.(Keller 2002) Brand characters do not trpically have direct product meaning,they may also be trasferred relatively easily across product categories.For insatance,Aaker notes thatthe Keeblers elf identify gives the brandlatitude to extend into other baked goods and perhaps even into other types of food where homemade magic and fun might be perceived as a benefit.34 Jingles Jingles are musical messages that are written round the bran.Particularly, conveyed by Professional songwriters,they often have adequate catchy hooks and choruses so become almost permanently registered.Jingels can be considered as stretched musical slogans and in that perceive might be clasified as a brand element.The importance of Jingles over brands existence is so high so that the jingles must be clear.(Keller 2002) A well-known jibgle can serve as a foundation for advertising for years.As an example,in the United States, the familiar Give Me a Break jingle for Kit Kat candy bars has been sung in ads by Professionals and everyone since 1988 and has helped to propel the brand to the sixth best sellinh chocolate candy bar.38 Similarly,after two decades as the centerpiece of their ad campaign,there was an uproar when the US Army switched from their familiar Be All That You Can Be to Army of One. Packaging Packaging consists of the activities of designing and manufacturing containers or wrappers for a product that protect the product from damages.Like other brand elements,packages have a long history.Early humans used leaves and animal skin to cover and carry food and water.Glass containers first appeared in Egyp as early as 200.keller 2002 From the view of both the consumer and company,,packaging have to success a number of objectives. Identify the brand Convey descriptive and convincing knowledge Smooth product transfer and guard Asist at home storage Aid product consumption To success the marketing objectives fort he brand and satisfy the desires of consumers the aesthetic and functional components of packaging must be choosen correctly.Packaging can have essential brand equity promote for a firm.Frequently,one of the strongest associations that customers have with a brand connects to the view of its think of Heineken beet,a common response is gren bottle.(Keller 2002) Packaging switches can have sudden effect on selling.To illustrate with an example,sales of the Heath candy bar increased 25 percent after its wrapper was redone.Similarly,Rice-Aronis sales increased 20 percent in the first year after a packaging revitalization.44